pharm chapter 2 part 1

Question 1

drug

Answer 1

affects the physiological processes of a living organism

Question 2

pharmacology

Answer 2

study of drugs

Question 3

chemical name

Answer 3

describes drugs composition and molecular structure

Question 4

generic name

Answer 4

official name approved by health canada

Question 5

trade name

Answer 5

proprietary name. has TM.

Question 6

drugs are classified by

Answer 6

properties, structure and therapeutic use

Question 7

pharmaceutics

Answer 7

study of how different drug forms influence effects on body.

Question 8

enteric coating

Answer 8

prevents pill form breaking down in acidic environments like the stomach. instead goes to intestine

Question 9

thin film drugs

Answer 9

dissolve in buccal tissue

Question 10

combination dosage forms

Answer 10

multiple drugs in one dose

Question 11

time release technology

Answer 11

drugs are slowly released in GI tract for prolonged absorption

Question 12

pharmacokinetics

Answer 12

what the body does to the drug. from when its put in body to when it metabolizes and leaves. ADME

Question 13

ADME

Answer 13

absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion.

Question 14

pharmacokinetics- absorption

Answer 14

movement of drug from site into bloodstream

Question 15

bioavailability

Answer 15

extent of drug absorption

Question 16

first pass effect

Answer 16

drugs pass through liver first and then reduces bioavailability

Question 17

enteral route

Answer 17

drug absorbed through the mucosa of stomach or large intestine. oral, sublingual, buccal, rectal. GI tract

Question 18

sublingual and buccal route

Answer 18

Sublingual- absorption site under the tongue

buccal- between cheek and gums.

both have rapid absorption; area is highly vascular.

Question 19

parenteral route definition

Answer 19

anything other than GI tract. Usually injection.

Question 20

parenteral route examples

Answer 20

intraderm, subcutanenous, intravenous, intramuscular, intrathecally, intra articularly, intra arterially

Question 21

topical route

Answer 21

application to various body surfaces. ex- skin, eyes, ears, vag, nose, rectum, lungs.

Question 22

transdermal route

Answer 22

administration through adhesive drug patches

Question 23

inhalation route

Answer 23

type of topical, inhaled into lungs as small particles

Question 24

pharmacokinetics- distribution

Answer 24

transportation of drug by bloodstream to site of action.

Question 25

areas of first distribution

Answer 25

places of extensive blood supply. heart, liver, kidney, brain

Question 26

albumin

Answer 26

most common blood protein, carries most protein-bound drug molecules

Question 27

active and inactive drugs

Answer 27

active- free/ not bound to albumin inactive- bound to albumin

Question 28

low albumin levels can contribute to

Answer 28

drug toxicity and less inactive drug

Question 29

pharmacokinetics- metabolism

Answer 29

aka biotransformation liver does it alters drug to make it more or less usable by the body.

Question 30

which organ is most responsible for metabolizing

Answer 30

the liver

Question 31

cytochrome P450 enzymes

Answer 31

microsomal enzymes. targeted to metabolize lipophilic drugs

Question 32

lipophilic enzymes

Answer 32

fat loving, difficult to eliminate

Question 33

hydrophilic enzymes

Answer 33

water loving, easier to metabolize

Question 34

substrates

Answer 34

target drugs of specific enzymes

Question 35

enzyme inhibitors

Answer 35

decrease metabolism

Question 36

enzyme inducers

Answer 36

stimulate metabolism

Question 37

excretion

Answer 37

elimination of drugs from body, kidney is most responsible, liver and bowel,

Question 38

renal excretion

Answer 38

affected by kidney disease

Question 39

biliary excretion

Answer 39

affected by liver disease