pharm chapter 2 part 2

Question 1

half life

Answer 1

time taken for 50 percent of given drug to be removed from body during elimination

Question 2

steady state

Answer 2

drug removed= drug absorbed
takes about 4-5 half lives.

Question 3

onset of action

Answer 3

time required for drug to elicit a response

Question 4

peak effect

Answer 4

time required to reach optimal therapeutic response

Question 5

duration of action

Answer 5

length of time the dose it sufficient

Question 6

peak level

Answer 6

highest level of drug in blood

Question 7

trough

Answer 7

lowest blood level of drug

Question 8

toxicity

Answer 8

happens if peak blood level is too high

Question 9

therapeutic drug monitoring

Answer 9

monitors peak and trough, minimize drug toxicity

Question 10

pharmacodynamics

Answer 10

study of what drug does to body

Question 11

therapeutic effect

Answer 11

positive effect on faulty physiology, goal of drug therapy

Question 12

mechanism of action

Answer 12

drug effecting cell or tissue function

Question 13

receptor interactions

Answer 13

drug receptor binding

Question 14

enzyme interactions

Answer 14

drug enzyme binding

Question 15

nonselective interactions

Answer 15

disrupt cell process in various ways

Question 16

contraindication

Answer 16

makes the use of drugs dangerous for patient

Question 17

acute therapy

Answer 17

usually intensive to treat acute illness
ex- vasopressors- maintain BP after heart surgery

Question 18

maintenance therapy

Answer 18

prevents progression of disease
treats chronic illnesses

Question 19

supplemental/ replacement therapy

Answer 19

supplies body with substance needed for normal function
ex- insulin or iron

Question 20

palliative therapy

Answer 20

comfort therapy

Question 21

supportive therapy and example

Answer 21

maintains integrity of body functions
ex- fluid and electrolytes for dehydration

Question 22

prophylactic therapy and examples

Answer 22

prevents illness or other undesirable outcomes
ex- vaccines

Question 23

empirical therapy

Answer 23

drugs are given when pt is susceptible and likely to get disease
ex- antibiotics before seeing culture test

Question 24

monitoring

Answer 24

observing if drug is working

Question 25

therapeutic actions

Answer 25

beneficial effects

Question 26

adverse effects

Answer 26

predictable undesirable effects

Question 26

toxic effects

Answer 26

undesirable effects due to over abundance of drugs

Question 27

therapeutic index

Answer 27

ratio of toxic levels to therapeutic level of drug. low therapeutic index= small difference between toxic and therapeutic. must be monitored more carefully

Question 27

drug concentration

Answer 27

drug levels

Question 28

patient condition can affect ____

Answer 28

can affect dose weight, presence of illness, etc

Question 29

tolerance

Answer 29

decreasing response to repeated drug doses

Question 30

dependence

Answer 30

physiological or psychological need for drug

Question 31

physical dependence

Answer 31

physiological need for a drug to avoid physical withdrawal symptoms

Question 32

psychological dependence (addiction)

Answer 32

obsessive desire for a drug

Question 33

drug interactions

Answer 33

one drug changes the action of another drug or food

Question 33

additive effects

Answer 33

drugs with same effects. total effect or both

Question 33

synergistic effects

Answer 33

occur when one drug enhances the action of another

Question 34

antagonistic effects

Answer 34

less effect than both

Question 35

incompatibility

Answer 35

cannot be given together, chemical deterioriation of the one or both

Question 36

idiosyncratic reaction

Answer 36

unexpected occurence in pt

Question 37

ten rights

Answer 37

drug, pt ,route, dose, time, reason, doc, evaluation, pt education, to refuse

Question 38

med processes where errors can occur

Answer 38

prescribing, dispensing, administering, monitoring

Question 39

teratogenic effects

Answer 39

fetal defects

Question 40

mutagenic effects

Answer 40

permanent changes in genes

Question 41

carcinogenic effects

Answer 41

cancer causing

Question 42

pharmacognosy

Answer 42

identifying medicinal plants and effects= 4 main sources: plants, animals, minerals, lab synth

Question 43

pharmocoeconomics

Answer 43

cost benefit analysis

Question 44

toxicology

Answer 44

study of poison and unwanted responses to drugs

Question 45

pharmacogenetics

Answer 45

effects of genetics on drug response see ethnocultural implications