Pharm Exam 1 Flashcards
(122 cards)
1
Q
What kind of situation is aspirin toxicity?
A
Medical emergency
2
Q
What are antivirals used for?
A
Given for viral symptoms, not for the virus
- Herpes (HSV) - take as soon as you feel tingling sensations
- Flu- Tamiflu (Know generic name)
3
Q
What is the treatment for RA?
A
Methotrexate
4
Q
What are considerations for methotrexate?
A
Patient does not need to get pregnant 3 months out
Folic acid (helps side effects and replenishes folic acid)
5
Q
What is cyclosporine used for?
A
Given to transplant patients
It’s an immunosuprressant
6
Q
What is sumatriptan used to treat?
A
Migraine
7
Q
What assessment is important while using morphine?
A
Respiratory assessment
8
Q
What is prophylactic used for?
A
Given to surgical, dental, or traveling patients
9
Q
What is a black box warning?
A
Strongest warning from the FDA
10
Q
What can doxycline cause?
A
Stained teeth
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Severe Photosensitivity
- Given to those with tick born illnesses (limes)
- Given to some with STD’s (abstinence and partner treatment)
11
Q
What can epinephrine and lidocaine cause?
A
Can cause constriction of blood flow and causes gangrene
- Avoid small areas (nose, ears, fingers, toes)
12
Q
What is hydroxychlorquine used for?
A
RA
- Antimalarial
- Causes blindness (eye exam every 6 months)
13
Q
What does metronidazole treat?
A
Treats parasites
- Bacterial vaginosis
- C-diff
- GI (intrabdominal/postsurgical patients)
- Disulfiram kind of effect after alcohol (really sick)
14
Q
What does penicillin cross with?
A
Cephalosporins
15
Q
What is important to consider for pinworm?
A
Treat the ENTIRE family
16
Q
What values are important for the liver?
A
AST, LST labs
17
Q
What lab values are important/come from the kidenys
?
A
BUN, creatinine, GFR
18
Q
What organ does ibuprofen affect the most? (And other NSAIDS)
A
Kidneys
19
Q
What organ does acitomenophen (however its spelled) effect the most?
A
Liver
20
Q
What medications can cause hearing loss?
A
Aminoglycosides
21
Q
How can yeast infections occur?
A
Adverse reaction to some abx
22
Q
What is important info on pediatric patients for prescriptions?
A
Weight
23
Q
What is a teratogenic effect?
A
Bad for pregnancy, fetus risk
24
Q
What can glucorticoids do?
A
Raise blood sugar
25
what are Helmenthis used for?
Worms
26
What generic drug treats the flu?
Tamiflu
27
What is bioavailability?
The amount of drug that reaches circulation
28
What is Reye’s?
Aspirin given to kids when they have a virus
29
What is red man syndrome?
rash on the upper body caused by certain anti-infectives
30
What is the first pass effect?
Drug must be metabolized by the liver before going anywhere else
31
What can effect metabolism?
Age
Weight
Nutritional status
Liver health
32
Where does excretion occur?
Kidneys
33
Where does metabolism occur?
Liver
34
Historically where did drugs come from?
Plants, animals, minerals
35
How are drugs classified?
Based on body systems, therapeutic uses, and chemical characteristics
36
What is an agonist?
Produce a desired effect.
Bind to receptors
37
What is an antagonist?
Blocks receptor
Blocks effect
38
What do partial agonists do?
Act act agonist/ antagonist.
39
What is drug tolerance?
Body needs more drug to reach effect, becomes used to it
40
What is onset?
When the medication first begins to take effect.
41
What is the peak of a medication?
The max concentration of a drug is in the bodddy
42
What is the duration of a medication?
How long the medication is in the body
43
What is potency of drugs?
The amount of drug required to produce the effect
44
What is efficacy?
Max response that the med can achieve
45
What is a side effect?
A known effect other than the desired effect
46
What is an adverse effect?
An effect that wasn’t expected
47
What is a trough?
The lowest level concentration of a medication,
48
What does the FDA do?
Approve drugs
49
What does the DEA do?
Enforce drug laws
50
What is Beers Criteria?
List of meds that are inappropriate for elderly
51
What is the safest category of mediation for pregnancy?
A
52
What is the most dangerous category of medication for pregnancy?
X
53
What is pharmacokinetics?
What the body does to a drug
54
What does half-life mean?
Time required for the serum concentration of a drug to drop by 50%
55
when does the liver mature?
2 years old
56
Why do children have trouble metabolizing drugs?
Immature kidneys and livers
57
What is pharmacodynamics?
What the drug does to the body
58
At what age do children mature sufficiently to metabolize drugs?
12 years old
59
What does poly pharmacy?
The use of multiple medications
60
What can rifampin result in?
orange colored fluids
61
62
What is a tertogenic effect?
Bad for pregnancy
63
What is absorption?
Part of pharmocotoconetics- The transmission of the drug from site of administration to the bloodstrea
64
What is distribution?
The transportation of medications to sites of action by bodily fluids Depends on adequacy of blood circulation* Drugs are distributed rapidly to organs that receive a large blood supply (heart, liver, and kidneys)
65
What is metabolism?
liver, but also takes place in kidneys- Themethod drugs are usually inactivated or made less active, or biotransformed, by enzymes, forming metabolites.*Occurs primarily in the liver, but also takes place in kidneys, lungs, intestines, and blood
66
What is excretion?
Elimination of drugs from the body-primarily through kidneys.
67
What are the different categories of the controlled substance act?
1. the worst (marijuana) 2. Pain meds 3. Testrone 4. Atavan, zanyx, bezdos 5. Cough suppressants
68
What is the first pass effect?
when oral meds go through the liver to get metabolized and the drug itself is decreased- may require several doses to maintain enough active free drug in circulation for desired effect
69
What is anaphylaxis?
usually from penicillin and cephalosporin- the most severe allergic reaction. can potentially be fatal
70
What ist he antidote to acetampinophen?
acetylcysteine (acetadote)
71
What are controlled meds?
Those that may be abused or cause addiction
72
What are trade names?
can have many, shorter names, what the public knows
73
What are generic names?
chemical names- only one - longer, harder to pronounce
74
What is pharmacotherapeutics?
"drug therapy" is the use of drugs to prevent, diagnose, or treat signs, symptoms, and diseases.
75
What are side effects?
known, documented affect. effect other than desired effect, sometimes in an organ other than the target organ
76
What are adverse effects?
undesired effects that can be harmful- occurrences of unanticipated effects that are dangerous to the patient
77
What can increase the risk of drug reactions in geriatric clients?
Changes with age - the body changes: the liver metabolizes less, the kidneys do not excrete as they should. Vison is less, forgetful, altered metal status. More prone to adverse drug reactions because decreased number of receptors for distribution.
78
What are serum drug levels?
Laboratory measurement of the amount of drug in the blood at a particular time.*These values help determine patient's metabolism, protein binding, and excretion
79
What is the therapeutic range/window?
dose where the safest and most effective treatment occurs
80
What is titration?
helps maintain therapeutic effects and avoid ineffective or Toxic concentrations
81
What is the plateau
a drug's concentration in plasma during a series of doses
82
What is the therapeutic index?
quantitative measurement of the relative safety of a drug
83
What is onset?
when the medication first begins to take effect
84
What is duration?
length of time the medication produces its desired therapeutic effect
85
What can gentamycin cause?
Hearing loss
86
What considerations should you take with sulfonamides?
Avoid in patients with sulfa allergies
87
What can Fluoroquinolones: Levofloxacin cause?
Achilles Tendon Rupture
88
What education is important for metronidazole?
Avoid alcohol- can cause patient to become very ill with GI like complications
89
What can isoniazid cause?
peripheral neuropathy
Also a category C pregnancy risk (avoid giving)
90
What suffix do antifungals end in?
-azole
91
What is fluconazole used to treat?
oral medication for vaginal yeast
92
What is pediculicide:permethrin used for?
treats lice and scabies
93
What does acyclovir treat?
herpes simplex 1 and 2
94
What does oseltamivir treat?
flu A and B
must be given 48 hours after onset of symptoms
95
What is a major risk for hydroxychloroquine?
retina damage
96
What is cyclosporin?
first ant-rejection medication
used on transplant patients
97
What is ibuprofen used for?
inflammation
fever
relieve mild to moderate pain
dysmenorrhea
98
Antivirals use what suffix?
-nd
99
What is firstline treatment for RA?
ibuprofen first, then methotrexate
100
What are important considerations for cyclosporine?
avoid grapefruit juice it can cause toxicity
If organ transplant, take for life
101
What medication is used for migraines?
sumatriptan
102
What do you do for a morhpine assessment prior to administration?
Check respirationsmorphine
103
What does epinephrine do in combo with lidocaine?
gangrene can result due to vasoconstriction
104
What would you teach a patient using hydroxychlororquine?
can cause retina damage
visit eye doctor every 6 months
105
What meds are used to trat acute gout flare up?
colchicine
106
What can gout meds cause?
GI upset
107
What foods should you avoid with gout?
rich in purines
red meat
seafood
sugary beverages
beer
108
What treats chronic gout flare-up?
allopurinol
109
What are symptoms of C.diff?
bad smell
watery/mucousy diarrhea
pain in abd/cramping
blood in stool
110
What is a prototype drug?
An individual drug that represents a group of drugs
(morphine represents opioids)
111
What suffix do all beta blockers have?
-olol
112
What do all ACE inhibitors end in?
-pril
113
114
What are schedule 1 controlled substances?
No accepted medical use in the U.S.
Heroin, marijuana, LSD
115
What are schedule 2 controlled drugs?
high potential for abuse
fentanyl
oxycodone
codeine
adderal
116
What are schedule 3 controlled drugs?
Less potential for abuse then schedule 2
anabolic steroids
testosterone
tylenol with codeine
117
What are schedule 4 controlled drugs?
low potential for abuse (compared to 3)
anti anxiety meds
xanax
klonopin
adivan
118
What are schedule 5 controlled drugs?
low potential for abuse
cough meds with codeine
119
What does cross allerginicity mean?
Allergy to a drug of another class with a similiar chemical structure
120
What is a superinfection?
infection after a previous infection
usually result of microorganisms resistant to previous antibiotic
121
What do you use vancomycin for?
MRSA
Orally for C.diff
122
What happens if you give vancomycin too quickly?
red man syndrome
