Pharm lecture 3

Question 1

osmotic diuretic

Answer 1

mannitol

Question 2

MOA osmotic

Answer 2

filter at the glomerulus, water is held in the lumen by the osmotic effect producing diuresis

Question 3

where does osmotic diuretic occurs

Answer 3

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 4

main use of mannitol

Answer 4

rapid treatment of increased intracranial pressure

Question 5

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Answer 5

-Acetazolamide
-Dorzolamide
-Brinzolamide
-Methozolamide

Question 6

MOA of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Answer 6

inhibit the reabsorption of sodium and bicarb

Question 7

Where is the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Answer 7

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 8

therapeutic use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Answer 8

metabolic alkalosis and glaucoma

Question 9

Loop diuretics

Answer 9

-furosemide
-bumetanide
-torsemide
-ethacrynic acid

Question 10

therapeutic use of loop diuretic

Answer 10

CHF, edema and kidney disease

Question 11

which diuretic is the most potent

Answer 11

loop diuretic
- inhibit the reabsorption of sodium up to 25%

Question 12

MOA of loop diuretics

Answer 12

inhibits sodium, potassium, chloride transporter and reduce sodium reabsorption in the ascending loop of hence

Question 13

what ions are loss in the loop diuretics

Answer 13

sodium, chloride, water, potassium, magnesium, calcium

Question 14

_____ is about 40 times more potent than ______

Answer 14

1. bumetanide
   2.furosemide

Question 15

which loop diuretic can be used if pt has allergy to other loop diuretics

Answer 15

ethacrynic acid

Question 16

concern with ethacrynic acid

Answer 16

greater ototoxic than other loop diuretics

Question 17

SE of loop diuretics

Answer 17

tinnitus (ototoxicity), limit the rate of infusion of furosemide to 4mg/min

Question 18

electrolyte disturbance in loop diuretic

Answer 18

hypokalemia, hypochloremia, hypomagnesemia, alkalosis

Question 19

adverse effect associated with hypokalemia

Answer 19

arrhythmia, potential for digoxin toxicity

Question 20

which diuretic cause increase risk of gout

Answer 20

loop diuretic

Question 21

thiazide diuretics

Answer 21

-chlorothiazide
-HCTZ
-metolazone
-chlorthalidone
-indapamide

Question 22

MOA of thiazide diuretic

Answer 22

inhibit the reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions in the distal convoluted tubules by blocking NA-Cl transporter

Question 23

therapeutic use of thiazide diuretics

Answer 23

HTN, edema, preventative treatment for hypercalcemia kidney stones

Question 24

SE of thiazide diuretics

Answer 24

hypokalemia, hypochloremia, hypomagnesemia, hyperuricemia

Question 25

Loop and thiazide

Answer 25

used together to optimize the diuretic efficacy by interfering with sodium reabsorption at the thick ascending loop and distal convoluted tubules * used for diuretic resistance

Question 26

Potassium sparing diuretics

Answer 26

spironolactone and eplerenone -amiloride, triamterene

Question 27

MOA of potassium sparing diuretics

Answer 27

competes with aldosterone in the collecting duct to reduce the synthesis of sodium channel resulting in loss of sodium and retention of potassium

Question 28

SE of spironolactone

Answer 28

gynecomastia

Question 29

Calcium channel MOA

Answer 29

blocks the influx of calcium in vascular smooth muscle and cardiac muscle resulting in decrease intracellular calcium

Question 30

CCB meds

Answer 30

Dihydropyridine -amlodipine -nifedipine nondihydropyridines -diltiazem -verapamil

Question 31

therapeutic use of CCB

Answer 31

HTN, angina, arrhythmia

Question 32

which diuretic increase the risk of gout?

Answer 32

Loop diuretics

Question 33

which CCB cause bradycardia

Answer 33

Nondihydropyridines -diltiazem, verapamil

Question 34

MOA BB

Answer 34

reduce HR and contractility by blocking the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine at b1

Question 35

mixed a and b blockers

Answer 35

block the action of norepinephrine at a-1 receptors and BB action

Question 36

therapeutic use of BB

Answer 36

HTN, angina, CHF, arrhythmia, cirrhosis

Question 37

What happens with chronic use of BB

Answer 37

increase in beta receptors, super sensitive to beta agonist action and possibly lead to MI if suddenly stop

Question 38

Meds of mixed a and B

Answer 38

carvedilol, labetalol

Question 39

Beta-blocker with ISA vs Beta blocker without ISA

Answer 39

BB with ISA doesn't reduce the resting CO and HR as effectively as BB without ISA

Question 40

BB with ISA

Answer 40

Acebutolol, Sotalol, Pinodolol

Question 41

SE of BB

Answer 41

bradycardia, hypotension, mask signs of hypoglycemia, bronchoconstriction