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Women's health + Pharm > Women's Health Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Women's Health Lecture 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

When to start a mammogram

A

50 y/o

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2
Q

When to begin colonoscopy

A

45 y/o

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3
Q

When for DEXA scan

A

65 y/o younger w/risk

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4
Q

LMP

A

First day of bleeding

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5
Q

When does menopause usually begin

A

48-55 y/o

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6
Q

What do you suspect with postmenopausal bleeding?

A

Uterine Cancer

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7
Q

Usual menarche age

A

9-16
- can take up to an year to become regular

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8
Q

Usual interval between periods

A

24-32 days

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9
Q

How long is bleeding?

A

3-7 days

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10
Q

Amenorrhea

A

Absence of menstrual periods

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11
Q

Oligomenorrhea

A

infrequent menstrual periods

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12
Q

Menorrhagia

A

bleeding that lasts more than 7 days

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13
Q

Metrorrhagia

A

abnormal bleeding

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14
Q

menometrorrhagia

A

excessive and prolonged uterine bleeding occurring at irregular periods

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15
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

painful period

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16
Q

polymenorrhea

A

occurring more frequent than 21 days

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17
Q

the 5 p’s

A

partner, pregnancy prevention, protection, practices, past STI

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18
Q

When to take a sexual History?

A

All new patients, patients with symptoms, patient with medical or social problem that may lead to sexual difficulties

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19
Q

GTPAL

A

Gravidity - total number of pregnancies
T - term
P- Preterm
A- abortion, miscarriage
L - living

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20
Q

Naegele’s rule

A

first date of LMP + 7 days - 3 months

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21
Q

What does the health exam consist of?

A

breast, abdominal and pelvic exam

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22
Q

What is followed by ovulation

A

menstrual bleeding

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23
Q

average age of menarche

A

12

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24
Q

average age of menopause

A

51

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25
the average interval between the start and beginning of the next menses
28
26
Phases of the reproductive cycle
follicular, ovulation and luteal phase
27
Which phase remains relatively constant
luteal phase
28
follicular phase
Onset of menses
29
When does it mark the end of the follicular phase
When the LH surges
30
How long does the follicular phase last?
14 days
31
What happens to the endometrium during follicular phase?
proliferate
32
When does ovulation occur?
With in 30-36 hours of LH surge
33
purpose of ovulation phase
window to get pregnant and egg to be fertilized
34
When does the Luteal phase begin
begins the day of LH surge
35
When does luteal phase end?
onset of menses
36
How long does the luteal phase lasts?
14 days
37
What happens to the endometrium during luteal phase
endometrium is in secretory phase
38
explains the release of the sex hormones from the hypothalamus
hypothalamus release GnRH --> stimulates the anterior pituitary to release FSH and LH --> stimulates the ovaries to release estrogen and progesterone
39
Purpose of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis
stimulates oocyte development and ovulation, endometrial development and menstruation
40
What is used as an indirect measurement for GnRH
LH levels
41
Role of the hypothalamus
pulse generator of the reproductive cycle
42
When does the follicles stop growing except one?
day 7
43
role of the estrogen
thicken the wall of the uterus to prepare for pregnancy
44
What stimulates the mid cycle LH surge
Peak estradiol from the dominant follicle
45
What is left after ovulation?
Corpus luteum - which secretes progesterone
46
When is considered the first day of menstrual cycle
First day of bleeding is Day 1 of the menstrual cycle
47
What decline cause menstruation
Decline of progesterone and estrogen
48
Role of prostaglandin
produce contractions of the uterine vasculature and musculature - induce endometrial ischemia and cramping -aid in expulsion of blood and tissue
49
what induces endometrial healing
rising estrogen levels in early follicular phase
50
what happens when the estrodiol level rise during follicular phase
- decline in FSH -cause LH to increase by mid follicular phase
51
Which follicle becomes the dominant follicle
the one with the greatest number of granulose cells and FSH receptors and highest estradiol production
52
When does LH usually occur
11-13 of cycle
53
which cell change during phase 2 of ovulation
granulosa and the theca cells change to produce progesterone
54
Mittelschmerz
pain associated with ovulation
55
Where does fertilization occur
in the fallopian tube
56
What is secreted in the luteal phase
progesterone
57
Process of luteinization
LH surge stimulates LH receptors and convert cells to produce progesterone
58
When does progesterone begin to secrete
24 hours before ovulation
59
lifespan of corpus luteum
9-11 days
60
What begins to new cycle
rise in FSH
61
What sustains the corpus luteum when fertilization occurs
human chorionic gonadoropin hormone (hCG)
62
what replaces the corpus luteum by 9-10 weeks with conception
placenta
63
What happens to the corpus luteum if no conception occurred
It becomes the corpus albicans
64
When does the endometrial reach its maximum thickness?
At the time of ovulation
65
What happens if ovulation does not occur?
Stroma and glands continue to grow, it would eventually outgrows blood supply and sloughs intermittently
66
What to do if there are concerns of endometrial thickening
possible cancer - use US to measure the lining
67
endometrial biopsy
The only way to identify proliferative vs. secretory endometrium
68
Why is unopposed estrogen not given to women with an intact uterus
will thicken the lining and lead to endometrial hyperplasia or malignancy
69
What does progesterone do to the uterine lining
thin the endometrial lining
70
What is the common diagnosis of someone coming in with abnormal uterine bleeding
anovulatory
71
estrogen cause glands to produces______ mucus
thin, clear, watery mucus
72
Role of estrogen on breast
necessary for pubertal breast development

Women's health + Pharm (10 decks)

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