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CSON IM1 > PHARM QUIZ 1 - Intro to Pharm > Flashcards

PHARM QUIZ 1 - Intro to Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

drug

A

any chemical that can affect living processes

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2
Q

pharmacology

A

the study of drugs & their interactions with living systems

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3
Q

clinical pharmacology

A

the study of drugs in humans

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4
Q

therapeutics

A

the use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease or to prevent pregnancy

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5
Q

3 properties of an ideal drug

A
  • effectiveness (solves problems)
  • safety (ideally has no side effects, not possible)
  • selectivity (treat what it is intended for)
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6
Q

3 properties of an ideal drug

A
  • effectiveness (solves problems)
  • safety (ideally has no side effects, not possible)
  • selectivity (treat what it is intended for)
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7
Q

3 properties of an ideal drug

A
  • effectiveness (solves problems)
  • safety (ideally has no side effects, not possible)
  • selectivity (treat what it is intended for)
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8
Q

3 properties of an ideal drug

A
  • effectiveness (solves problems)
  • safety (ideally has no side effects, not possible)
  • selectivity (treat what it is intended for)
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9
Q

ideal drug considerations

A
  • reversible action - able to be metabolized by the body or chemically nullified
  • predictability - knowing how the pt will respond
  • ease of administration - convenient route, low number of doses/day
  • freedom from drug interaction - to not intensify/ reduce effects of other drugs
  • low cost - easily affordable
  • chemical stability - indefinitely retain effectiveness & potency
  • simple generic name - easy to recall/ pronounce
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10
Q

what is the therapeutic objective of drug therapy?

A

to provide maximum benefit while doing minimal harm

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11
Q

toxicity

A

too much of a drug

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12
Q

what happens when too little of a drug is administered?

A

it is not effective

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13
Q

what factors can cause drug variation?

A
  • age
  • gender
  • weight
  • poor liver/ kidney function
  • multi-drug or food interactions
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14
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

how the drug moves through the body

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15
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

how the drug affects the body

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16
Q

APIE

applying the nursing process in drug therapy

A
  • Assessment & Analysis
  • Planning
  • Implementation
  • Evaluation
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17
Q

APIE

applying the nursing process in drug therapy

A
  • Assessment & Analysis
  • Planning
  • Implementation
  • Evaluation
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18
Q

what must be done before doing any med administration?

A
  • vitals
  • head to toe assessment
  • establish a baseline
19
Q

goals of preadministration assessment

3

A
  1. collect baseline data - vitals, pain assessment, head to toe
  2. identify high-risk pts - liver/kidney disease
  3. assess pt’s capacity for self-care - learning disabilities, alzheimers/ mental condition, physical disabilities
20
Q

why do we collect baseline data?

A
  • safety
  • response
  • identiying high-risk pts
  • assesing a pt’s self-care ability
21
Q

what does baseline data include?

A
  • pt h&p
  • lab results
  • bp & vitals
  • bgl
  • ht/wt
22
Q

high risk pts

A
  • liver impairment (primary organ that metabolizes drugs) & kidney impairment (filters drugs) - VERY IMPORTANT
  • genetic factors
  • drug allergies - VERY IMPORTANT
  • pregnancy
  • elderly - slower metabolism, drugs stay longer
  • pedi - slower metabolism, decrease dosage
23
Q

can RN make a medical diagnosis?

A

no

we can use nursing judgement to have a working nursing diagnosis

(preventions/plan)

24
Q

can RN make a medical diagnosis?

A

no

we can use nursing judgement to have a working nursing diagnosis

(preventions/plan)

25
Q

can RN make a medical diagnosis?

A

no

we can use nursing judgement to have a working nursing diagnosis

(preventions/plan)

26
Q

nursing diagnosis

3 parts

A
  • judge - appropriateness of prescribed regimen
  • identify - potential health problems that the drug might cause
  • determine - pt’s capacity for self-care
27
Q

planning

3 parts

A
  • define goals - ex: pain free in 6 hours, walk
  • set priorities
  • identify specific interventions
28
Q

what is the goal of planning?

A

to establish objective criteria for evaluation

29
Q

implementation

A
  • drug admin
  • pt educaiton
  • interventions: promote therapeutic efffects, minimize adverse effects, minimize adverse drug interactions
30
Q

evaluation

A
  • therapeutic responses (f/u w your goal (pain, N/V))
  • adverse drug reactions & interactions
  • adherence to prescribed regimen
  • satisfaction w treatment
31
Q

how are new drugs developed & tested?

A

randomized controlled trials (RCT)

control use, randomizatin, blinding (single or double)

32
Q

how are new drugs developed & tested?

A

randomized controlled trials (RCT)

control use, randomizatin, blinding (single or double)

33
Q

how are new drugs developed & tested?

A

randomized controlled trials (RCT)

control use, randomizatin, blinding (single or double)

34
Q

how are new drugs developed & tested?

A

randomized controlled trials (RCT)

control use, randomizatin, blinding (single or double)

35
Q

how are new drugs developed & tested?

A

randomized controlled trials (RCT)

control use, randomizatin, blinding (single or double)

35
Q

how are new drugs developed & tested?

A

randomized controlled trials (RCT)

control use, randomizatin, blinding (single or double)

35
Q

how are new drugs developed & tested?

A

randomized controlled trials (RCT)

control use, randomizatin, blinding (single or double)

36
Q

stages of new drug development

3

A
  • preclinical testing
  • clinical testing (phase I, II, III, & IV)
  • limitations
37
Q

phases of clinical testing

I - IV

A
  • phase I - testing with healthy volunteers/ pts
  • phase II - therapeutic use & dose range
  • phase III - drug is safe & effective (FDA approval granted)
  • phase IV - post-clinical trials/ surveilance (drug is on market/released)

in phases II and III, drug is tested on pts for which the drug was intended

38
Q

types of drug names

3

A
  • chemical (not memorized)
  • generic - acetaminophen
  • trade - Tylenol
39
Q

what percentage of medications administered are OTC?

A

60%

40
Q

what percentage of illnesses are initially self-treated with OTC drugs?

A

60-90%

pts tend to treat themselves first with OTC drugs before medical help

41
Q

OTC drug label requirements

3

A
  • plain language
  • readable type
  • user-friendly format
42
Q

OTC drug label requirements

5

A
  • active ingredients listed first
  • uses
  • warnings
  • directions
  • inactive ingredients

CSON IM1 (15 decks)

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