Pharm - Sketchy Flashcards
Isoniazid
Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis
Peripheral neuropathy, hepatotoxicity, seizures, drug-induced lupus, anion gap acidosis, P450 inhibitor
Rifampin
Inactivates DNA-dep. RNA polymerase
Red-orange fluids, hepatotoxicity (in combo), P450 inducer
Ethambutol
Inhibits arabinosyl transferase - decreases carbohydrate (cell wall) formation
Optic neuritis (Red-Green)
Pyrizinamide
Hyperuricemia, Hepatotoxicity
Drugs for MAC
Macrolide, Ethambutol, Rifabutin
Drugs for Leprosy
Dapsone, Clofazimine (lepromatous), Rifampin
Dapsone adverse effects
Agranulocytosis Hemolytic anemia (G6PD)
Trimethoprim
Sulfamethoxazole
BOTH - adverse effects
Sulfa drugs - adverse effects
DHFR inhibitor
PAPA analog that blocks dihydropteroate synthase
Megaloblastic anemia, pancytopenia, teratogen, type 4 RTA, photosensitivity
Hypersensitivity, G6PD hemolytic anemia, SJS, interstitial nephritis, kernicterus, bleeding, P450 inhibitor, lupus
Fluoroquinolones
Inhibit DNA gyrase (topoisomerase 2 and 4)
Impaired absorption by divalent cations
QT prolongation
Tendon/cartilage rupture, arthropathy
Teratogen
Metronidazole
Toxic metabolites damage DNA
Disulfiram-like reaction
Amphotericin B
Pores in ergosterol cause electrolyte flooding
Fever, vomiting, chills, thrombophlebitis at injection site
Type 1 RTA (K+, Mg++ wasting), Anemia
Flucytosine - MoA
Converted to 5-FU –> halts DNA and RNA synthesis
Nystatin - MoA
Used for what?
Same as Amphotericin B
Candida
Azole antifungals
Inhibits ergosterol synthesis from lanosterol (by P450)
P450 inhibition, changed color vision
Ketoconazole adverse effects specifically
Adrenal inhibition (17,20-desmolase) – gynecomastia, etc.
