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MIDTERMS COVERAGE > PHARMA > Flashcards

PHARMA Flashcards

1
Q

Chronic disease characterized by hyperresponsive airways

A

Asthma

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2
Q

Includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis

A

COPD

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3
Q

An extremely common condition that significantly decreases pt reported quality of life

A

Allergic rhinitis

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4
Q

Allergic Rhinitis characterized by:

A

-Itchy
-Watery eyes
-Runny Nose
-Non-productive cough

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5
Q

An effective defensive respiratory response to irritants

A

Coughing

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6
Q

Cited as number one reason why patients seek medical care

A

Coughing

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7
Q

May present several etiologies such as:

A

-Common cold
-Sinusitis
-Underlying chronic respiratory disease

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8
Q

Medication Management for Cough

A

-Given topically to the nasal mucosa
-Inhaled into the lungs
-Orally or parentally for systemic absorptic

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9
Q

Preferred to target affected tissues while minimizing systemic side effects

A

Nasal Sprays or Inhalers

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10
Q

-To decrease the intensity and frequency of asthma symptoms and the degree to which the patient is limited by these symptoms.

-All patients need to have a “quick-relief” medication to treat acute asthma symptoms.

-Drug therapy for long term control of asthma is designed to reverse and prevent airway
inflammation.

A

Goal of Therapy

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11
Q

Leukotriene Modifiers

A

-Montelukast (Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis)
-Zafirlukast (Asthma)
-Ziluetion (Asthma)

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12
Q

Anthistamine (H1-Receptor Blockers)

A

-Azelastine
-Cetirizine
-Desloratadine
-Fexofenadine
-Loratadine

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13
Q

Adrenergic Agonists

A

-Oxymetazoline
-Phenylephrine
-Pseudoephedrine

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14
Q

Agents for cough

A

-Benzonatate
-Codeine (with guaifenesin)
-Dextromethorphan
-Guaifenesin

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15
Q

Other Agents:

A

-Cromolyn
-Omalizumab
-Roflumilast
-Theophylline

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16
Q

Short- Acting B2 Adrenergic Agonists (ends with terol)

A

-Albuterol
-Levalbuterol

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17
Q

Long-Acting B2 Adrenergic Agonists (ends with terol)

A

-Arformoterol
-Formoterol
-Indacaterol
-Salmeterol

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18
Q

Inhaled Corticosteroids

A

-Beclomethasone
-Budesonide
-Ciclesonide
-Fluticasone
-Mometasone
-Triamcinolone

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19
Q

Long-Acting B2 Adrenergic Agonist/Corticosteroid Combination

A

-Formoterol/budesonide
-Formoterol/mometasone
-Salmeterol/fluticasone
-Vilanterol/fluticasone

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20
Q

Short-acting Anticholinergic

A

-Ipratropium

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21
Q

Long-Acting Anticholinergic

A

-Aclidinium bromide
-Tiotropium

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22
Q

Long-Acting Anticholinergic

A

-Aclidinium bromide
-Tiotropium

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23
Q

A chronic disease with an underlying infammatory pathophysiology

A

Asthma

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24
Q

Goals of chronic asthma therapy

A

2 Categories

-Reduction in impairment
-Reduction of risk

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25
Q

Means decreasing the intensity and frequency of asthma symptoms and the degree to which the patient is limited by these symptoms

A

Reducing Impairment

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26
Q

Means decreasing the adverse outcomes associated with asthma and its tx

A

Reducing risk

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27
Q

3 asthma phenotype

A

-Homozygous glycine
-Heterozygous glycine/arginine
-Homozygous arginine

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28
Q

May be risk for worsening sx with long acting b2 agonist

A

Homozygous arginine

29
Q

Removal of seven metered-dose inhalers (MDI)

A

-Nedocromil
-Metaproterenol
-Tiramcinolone
-Cromolyn
-Flunisolide
-Albuterol/ipratropium
-Pirbuterol

30
Q

Acute sx may resolve spontaneously with nonpcol relaxation exercise or use of “quick relief” medications

A

Short acting b2 adrenergic agonist

31
Q

Is the first line bronchodilators in acute asthma attacks

A

-Albuterol
-Terbutaline
-Formoterol
-Metaproterenol
-Pirbuterol

32
Q

-Rapid onset of action (5-10 minutes)
-Provide relief for 4 to 6 hours
-Provide quick relief of acute bronchoconstriction

A

Short Acting B2 Agonist

33
Q

May be appropriate for px identified as having intermittent asthma/exercise-induced bronchospasm

A

Monotherapy of SABA

34
Q

Adverse effect of SABA

A

-Tachycardia
-Hyperglycemia
-Hypokalemia
-Hypomagnesemia

35
Q

Adverse effect of SABA may minimized with delivery via

A

inhalation vs systemic routes

36
Q

-Acute anaphylaxis
-Status epilepticus

A

Epinephrine

37
Q

Long acting b2 agonists

A

-Formoterol
-Salmeterol
-Bambuterol
-Indacaterol

38
Q

Are considered to be useful adjunctive therapy for attaining asthma control

A

LABA

39
Q

Inhibit the release of arachidonic acid through phospholipase A2 inhibition, thereby producing direct anti-inflammatory properties in the airways

A

Corticosteroids

40
Q

Severe persistent asthma may require the addition of

A

Require the addition of a short course of oral glucocorticoid treatment

41
Q

In order to be effective in controlling inflammation, glucocorticoids must be used

A

REGULARLY

42
Q

Inflammatory Process begins with

A

chemical “ALARM”

43
Q

Inflammatory Process releases

A

Histamines
Kinins

44
Q

Inflammatory causes

A

-BVs dilatation
-Capillaries leakage
-Activate pain receptors
-Attract phagocytes and WBCs

45
Q

Corticosteroids actions on lung:

A

-Inhaled Corticosteroids do not directly affect the airway smooth muscle
-It directly targets underlying airway inflammation by decreasing the inflammatory cascade (eosinophils, macrophages, and T lymphocytes)
-reversing mucosal edema
-Decreasing the permeability of capillaries, and inhibiting the release of leukotrienes

46
Q

What happens to corticosteroids after several months of regular use?

A

-ICS reduces the hyperresponsiveness of the airway smooth muscle o a variety of bronchoconstrictor stimuli, such as:

Allergens
Irritants
Cold air
Exercise

47
Q

Corticosteroids routes of administration

A

a. inhalation
b. oral/systemic

48
Q

Patients with a severe exacerbation of asthma are advised to

A

Use intravenous methylprednisolone or oral prednisone to reduce airway inflammation

49
Q

Management of Bronchial Asthma

Relievers-?

A

SABA/ bronchodilators

50
Q

Management of Bronchial Asthma

Controllers-?

A

LABAs + inhaled corticosteroids

51
Q

If acute exacerbations occurs used:

A

SABA

52
Q

Prevention of exacerbations used

A

LABA

53
Q

4th most common cause of preventable deaths in US

A

COPD

54
Q

Clinically useful drugs mitigate the specific pathology such as

A

-Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle
-Modulating the inflammatory response

55
Q

Less than 2 days per week

A

Intermittent

56
Q

More than 2 days per week, not daily

A

Mild Persistent

57
Q

Daily

A

Moderate Persistent

58
Q

Continual

A

Severe Persistent

59
Q

Intermittent results of peak flow or spirometry

A

Near normal

60
Q

Mild persistent results of peak flow or spirometry

A

Near normal

61
Q

Moderate persistent results of peak flow or spirometry

A

60% to 80% of normal

62
Q

Severe persistent results of peak flow or spirometry

A

Less than 60% of normal

63
Q

Long-term control of intermittent

A

No daily medication

64
Q

Long-term control of mild persistent

A

Low-dose ICS

65
Q

Long-term control of moderate persistent

A

Low-dose ICS + LABA or Medium-dose ICS

66
Q

Long-term control of severe persistent

A

Medium-dose ICS + LABA or High-dose ICS + LABA

67
Q

Episodes of acute bronchitis causing

A

-SOB
-Cough
-Chest Tightness
-Wheezing
-Rapid Respiration

68
Q

How many percentages of the PT population is affected by asthma

A

16-20%

MIDTERMS COVERAGE (7 decks)

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