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USMLE 2019 > Pharma > Flashcards

Pharma Flashcards

(114 cards)

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1
Q

5 HT1 partial agonist used for generalized anxiety disorder

A

Buspirone

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2
Q

long acting inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase used for treatment of ethylene glycol and methanol overdose

A

fomepizole

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3
Q

treatment of acute overdose of ethylene glycol and methanol

A

Fomepizole or

High alcohol levels (IV) then hemodialysis

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4
Q

drugs causing disulfiram-like effects

A 
metronidazole
cefoperazone
cefotetan
griseofulvin
chlorpropamide (1st gen SUR)
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5
Q

antiseizure medication that decreases the excitatory effect of glutamic acid by blocking AMPA receptors

A

Topiramate

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6
Q

antiseizure medication that decreases the excitatory effect of glutamic acid by blocking NMDA receptors

A

Felbamate

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7
Q

dopamine agonists

A

bromocriptine

cabergoline

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8
Q

Methimazole used in pregnancy can cause

A

aplasia cutis

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9
Q

Indications of somatostatin (octreotide) (5)

A 
Acromegaly
Carcinoid
Glucagonoma
Gastrinoma
Esophageal varices
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10
Q

antiseizure drug that can cause dilutional hyponatremia (increased ADH)

A

Carbamazepine

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11
Q

DOC for trigeminal neuralgia

A

Carbamazepine

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12
Q

antiseizure that is considered safest during pregnancy

A

phenobarbital

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13
Q

antiseizure used for neuropathic pain (postherpetic neuralgia)

A

Gabapentin

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14
Q

inhaled anesthetic assoc with malignant hyperthermia

A

Halothane

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15
Q

benzodiazepine used as IV anesthetic with anterograde amnesia

A

Midazolam

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16
Q

NMDA receptor antagonist used as a dissociative anesthetic

A

ketamine

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17
Q

motilin receptor agonist used to stimulate intestinal peristalsis

A

erythromycin

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18
Q

opiate of choice for biliary colic

A

meperidine

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19
Q

opioid antagonist used for the reversal of respiratory depression

A

naloxone

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20
Q

use of this monoclonal antibody can lead to reactivation of latent TB

A

Infliximab

antibody to TNF a

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21
Q

antibacterial + anti inflam drug activated by colonic bacteria used in IBD

can lead to reversible oligospermia

A

Sulfasalazine

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22
Q

5-HT3 antagonist used to prevent vomiting in chemotherapy

A

Ondansetron

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23
Q

contraindications for metoclopramide use

A

small bowel obstruction

Parkinson disease

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24
Q

MOA of metoclopramide

A

D2 receptor antagonist that increases resting tone, contractility and motility

(used for diabetic and postop gastroparesis and as antiemetic)

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25
prevents mast cell degranulation
Cromolyn sodium
26
MOA of warfarin
inhibits the enzyme vit K epoxide reductase needed for maturation of F2,7,9,10, protein C and S
27
Treatment of PNH
Eculizumab
28
Treatment of sickle cell anemia
Hydroxyurea (to increase HbF)
29
Effect of corticosteroids on WBC count
increased Neutrophils | decreased Lymphocytes and Eosinophils
30
teratogenic effect of lithium
Ebstein’s anomaly | malformed tricuspid valve
31
side effects of lithium toxicity
Na+ like: tremors, seizures, flu like | Endo: hypothyroidism, nephrogenic DI
32
MOA of lithium
decreases PIP2 and CAMP
33
limiting side effect of levodopa
dyskinesias | on-off effects
34
selective MAO-B inhibitor used in the treatment of Parkinson
Selegiline
35
Livedo reticularis is seen as a side effect of which drug
Amantadine
36
most likely cause of neuroleptic malignant syndrome
haloperidol
37
treatment of NMS
Dopamine receptor agonists | Dantrolene
38
atypical antipsychotic that blocks D2C and 5HT2 receptors
Clozapine
39
antipsychotic drug needing weekly blood test to monitor for agranulocytosis
Clozapine
40
atypical antipsychotic partial agonist of D2 blocks 5HT2
Aripiprazole
41
monoclonal antibody used for osteoporosis that decreases RANK/RANK-L interaction to decrease osteoclastic activity and increase bone density
Denosumab
42
treatment of hairy cell leukemia
cladribine | pentostatin
43
treatment of toxicity with thrombolytics
aminocaproic acid | tranexamic acid
44
PDE3 inhibitors that inhibit platelet aggregation by increasing cAMP levels; vasodilators
cilostazol | dipyridamole
45
GpIIb/IIIa inhibitors
abciximab tirofiban eptifibatide
46
antimetabolites with increased toxicity when given with allopurinol
azathioprine 6-mercaptopurine (bec they are metabolized by xanthine oxidase)
47
Pyrimidine analogs
5-FU Cytarabine Methotrexate (FA analog)
48
Purine analogs
Azathioprine 6-MP Cladribine
49
toxicity of Trastuzumab (Herceptin)
cardiotoxicity
50
clinical use of Imatinib
CML (bcr-abl) | GIST (c-kit)
51
EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for non-small cell lung CA
Erlotinib
52
recombinant uricase used in the prevention and tx of tumor lysis syndrome
rasburicase
53
MOA of OCPs in treating hirsutism
- prevents LH surge decreasing ovarian androgen production | - increases SHBG synthesis decreasing free testosterone levels in the blood
54
diuretic that is also a testosterone receptor antagonist used for hirsutism
spironolactone
55
Drugs causing gynecomastia
“Sayang AKala CoH DeDDe” ``` Spironolactone Alcohol Ketoconazole Cimetidine Heroin Digoxin Dopamine antagonist Dope / Marijuana ```
56
nonsteroidal competitive inhibitor of androgen at the testosterone receptor used for prostate CA
Flutamide
57
BRAF kinase inhibitor used for metastatic melanoma
Vemurafenib
58
tx of paroxysmal SVT
- vagal stimulation | - adenosine
59
clinical use of aspirin
``` low dose (<300mg) - dec plt aggre intermediate dose (300-2400) - antipyretic, analgesic high dose (2400-4000) - anti inflam ```
60
toxicity of cox-2 inhibitors
increased risk of thrombosis | sulfa allergy
61
substance abuse leading to constricted pupils
``` HEROin Narcotics: -fentanyl -morphine -hydrocodone ```
62
formula for Km in Michaelis - Menten kinetics
Km = [S] at 1/2 vmax
63
tx of Lou - Gehrig disease (ALS)
Ri-lu-zole
64
tx of atypical depression
SSRI | MAOi
65
uses of carbamazepine
anticonvulsant mood stabilizer trigeminal neuralgia
66
used to treat PAH by competitively antagonizing endothelin-1 receptors
bosentan
67
general tx of anxiety disorders
SSRIs
68
tx for delirium tremens
benzodiazepines
69
tx of opioid overdose
naloxone | naltrexone
70
tx of opioid withdrawal
methadone | buprenorphine
71
tx of benzodiazepine overdose
flumazenil
72
general tx of anxiety disorders
SSRIs
73
tx for delirium tremens
benzodiazepines
74
tx of opioid overdose
naloxone | naltrexone
75
tx of opioid withdrawal
methadone | buprenorphine
76
tx of benzodiazepine overdose
flumazenil
77
general tx of anxiety disorders
SSRIs
78
tx for delirium tremens
benzodiazepines
79
tx of opioid overdose
naloxone | naltrexone
80
tx of opioid withdrawal
methadone | buprenorphine
81
tx of benzodiazepine overdose
flumazenil
82
tx of cocaine intoxication
benzodiazepines
83
drugs with disulfiram-like reactions
``` metronidazole some cephalosporins 1st gen SUR griseofulvin procarbazine ```
84
MOA of CNS stimulants
increase catecholamines at synaptic cleft (esp dopamine and norepi)
85
Tx of extrapyramidal symptoms
benztropine (anticholinergic) | diphenhydramine (antihistamine)
86
adverse effect of clozapine
agranulocytosis weight gain seizure
87
MOA of buspirone
stimulates 5-HT1A receptors
88
TCA used for OCD
clomipramine
89
adverse effects of TCA
“3 Cs” Cardiotoxicity Coma Convulsions
90
tx for CV toxicity of TCA
Na HCO3
91
tx for serotonin syndrome
cyproheptadine | 5-HT2 antagonist
92
most common a/e of SNRIs
elevated BP
93
drugs that can prolong QT
“Some Risky Meds Can Prolong QT” ``` Sotalol Risperidone Macrolides Chloroquine Protease inhibitors Quinidine Thiazides ```
94
partial B-agonists contraindicated in angina
pindolol | acebutolol
95
adverse effects of amiodarone
pulmonary fibrosis hepatotoxicity hypo/hyperthyroidism
96
beta blockers that decrease mortality in CHF
metoprolol carvedilol bisoprolol
97
formula for half-life
0.693 x Volume of distrib | divided by clearance
98
formula for loading dose
steady state conc x Vd | divided by bioavailability
99
formula for maintenance dose
steady state conc x clearance x dosing interval | divided by bioavailability
100
drug of choice for absence seizures
Ethosuximide
101
treatment of CaOx stones
hydrochlorothiazide | Ca-sparing diuretic
102
immunosuppresive agent that blocks lymphocyte proliferation by preventing IL2 signal transduction
Sirolimus | Rapamycin
103
contraindications to the use of Mannitol
anuria | CHF
104
A/E of loop diuretics
OH DANG ``` ototoxicity hypoK, hypoCa dehydration allergy nephritis (interstitial) gout ```
105
tx of cyanide poisoning
nitrites + thiosulfate
106
toxicity of acyclovir
obstructive needle-shaped crystalline nephropathy
107
drug that can be used for SIADH but can lead to nephrogenic DI
Lithium
108
used for immediate anticoag for PE
Heparin
109
used for chronic anticoag | long term prophy of VTE
Warfarin
110
beta blockers with partial agonists
Pindolol | Acebutolol
111
Sulfa drugs
Popular FACTS ``` Probenecid Furosemide Acetazolamide Celecoxib Thiazides Sulfonamides ```
112
most common and persistent opioid side effect
constipation
113
microorganisms susceptible to metronidazole
GET GAP on the metro ``` Giardia Entamoeba Trichomonas Gardnerella Anaerobes below diaphragm Pylori ```
114
drugs that act on microtubules
Microtubules Get Constructed Very Poorly ``` Mebendazole Griseofulvin Colchicine Vincristine/blastine Paclitaxel ```

USMLE 2019 (10 decks)

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