pharma exam 3 Flashcards
why is bioavail increased but there is a delay in the max []
increased intestinal permiability
slower rates of gastric emptying means drug hangs in the stomach longer before reaching the SI
in general neonates have a ____ absorption and a ______ concentration causing _____ bioavailability
slower absorption
higher []
higher bioavailability
what is the effect of decreased first pass effect
there can be increased amounts of drugs or there can be a decrease in affect of the drugs because prodrugs need to be activated
what is the best route for neonates
IV. decreased MM and decreased BF
what do I call babies
extracellular water bags
why do we care about extracellular water
larger volume of distribution
what drug class is water soluble and affected by V/D
aminoglycosides (amikacin)
how does neonatal protected sites vary
lack of p glycoprotein barriers and leaky vessels means drugs may reach the protected sites. esp in MDR1 dogs
if we need CSF concentrations what do we need
higher and more frequent doses in neonates
what causes bone marrow toxicity
chloramphenicol
what is a major pathway that may develop later in neonates
glucuronidation
is renal immaturity a likely cause of increased renal []
no. it develops in a few days
what acidity is neonatal urine
more acidic
why do we care about acidic urine in neonates
weak acids are unable to ionize so they remain unionized so they go back to the blood. weak bases are ionized quickly and are excreted in the urine
overall metabolism in neonates is
decreased. extra decreased in a septic foal
