Pharma Halo-halo 5

Question 1

treatment of choice for women with idiopathic hirsutism

Answer 1

spironolactone (Lobo, US)

Question 2

pure androgen blocker

Answer 2

flutamide

Question 3

major concern for flutamide

Answer 3

hepatotoxicity

Question 4

Finasteride moa

Answer 4

5 α-reductase

used as 2nd line tx for hirsutism

Question 5

Side effects of spironolactone

Answer 5

“CaKe ni MG”

Cardiac arrhythmias
hyperKalemia
Menstrual abnormalities
Gynecomastia

Question 6

brother of spironolactone

Answer 6

Epleronone

• more selective than spironolactone
• no reported effects on androgen receptors
• m/c toxicity: hyperkalemia

Question 7

progestin that antagonizes the effcts of aldosterone

Answer 7

Drospirenone

Question 8

MOA of meperidine

Answer 8

strong agonist at µ and K receptors

has muscarinic blocking actions

Question 9

S/E of meperidine

Answer 9

seizures (via its metabolite, normeperidine)

delirium ⭐️

Question 10

typical antipsychotics

Answer 10

chlorpromazine (low potency)
fluphenazine
thiothixene
haloperidol (high potency; EPS)

• D2 antagonist
• addresses POSITIVE symptoms (hallucination) of schizophrenia

Question 11

remarks on chlorpromazine

Answer 11

more likely to cause dedation and postural hypotension (due to alpha receptor blockade)

Question 12

atypical antipsychhotics

Answer 12

clozapine
loxapine
olanzapine
quitiapine
ziprasidone
aripiprazole
RISPERIDONE

“CLOQZAR”

Question 13

atypical antipsychotic that has highest propensity for causing hyperprolactinemia

Answer 13

risperidone

Question 14

atypical antipsychotic that is the only one approved for schizophrenia in the youth

Answer 14

risperidone

Question 15

atypical antipsychotic that has the least likely chance to cause tardive dyskinesia

Answer 15

quitiapine and clozapine

Question 16

atypical antipsychotic that has least sedating effect

Answer 16

aripiprazole

no atropine-like effeccts

Question 17

atypical antipsychotic that can cause agranulocytosis

Answer 17

clozapine

2% of patients

Question 18

atypical antipsychotic that can cause lowering of seizure threshold

Answer 18

clozapine
olanzapine
(dose-related)

Question 19

atypical antipsychotic that can cause QT prolongation

Answer 19

Ziprasidone

Question 20

side effects of cimetidine

Answer 20

“PaHaBol” ng sim

nosocomial Pneumonia (in critically ill patients)
mental status changes (confusion, Hallucination ⭐️, agitation;ICU and elderly)
Bradycardia (rapid IV infusion)

Question 21

how does cimetidine cause gynecomastia?

Answer 21

inhibits binding of dihydrotestosterone to androgen receptors
inhibits metabolism of estradiol
increases prolactin levels

Question 22

electrolyte abnormalities that can cause QT prolongation

Answer 22

*HYPOKALEMIA
(broat flat T waves, ST depression, QT PROLONGATION; most marked at K<2.7)

HYPOCALCEMIA

HYPOMAGNESEMIA (<0.8mmol/L, LITFL, AHA)

• hypomagnesemic patients are clinically refractory to K+ replacement in the absence of Mg2+ repletion.
• Notably, magnesium deficiency is also a common concomitant of hypokalemia because many disorders of the distal nephron may cause both potassium and magnesium wasting
• magnesium deficiency is listed as a cause of increased renal K+ loss