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Pharmacology > Pharmacoeconomics > Flashcards

Pharmacoeconomics Flashcards

1
Q

what disciple focuses on the costs and benefits of drug therapy?

A

pharmacoeconomics

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2
Q

what is the main perspective of pharmacoeconomics?

A

efficiency

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3
Q

what is concerned with fair distribution of resources?

A

equity

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4
Q

what is the importance of economic model?

A

provides useful insights into how healthcare can be organized & financed

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5
Q

what do pharmacoecnomists do?

A

delivery of pharmacological services & improved management at a # of levels

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6
Q

what are the 3 important principles in economic analysis?

A

opportunity cost
perspective
marginal analysis

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7
Q

what principle of economics stresses the important of value?

A

opportunity cost

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8
Q

what princple of economics thinks carefull abt viewpoints of the analysis, what will dictate costs and benefits?

A

perspective (px, healthy authority, DOH, society)

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9
Q

what is the most important thing decision makers should do?

A

must be clear on the viewpoint that is taken

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10
Q

what is the most important thing decision makers should do?

A

must be clear on the viewpoint that is taken

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11
Q

what is the rel betw resources invested into a pharmacological intervention & benefit incurred?

A

not linear (rarely is so)

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12
Q

what does marginal analysis indicate?

q

A

considers how increments in benefit change with increment in resource allocation

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13
Q

what are the diff types pharmacoeconomic evaluation?

A

cost-minimization analysis
cost-effectiveness analysis
cost-utility analysis
cost-benefit analysis
cost-consequence analysis

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14
Q

what type of pharmacoecnomic evaluation deals with minimizing costs, consequences of 2 or mroe pharmacological interventions being compared are equivalent?

A

cost-minimization analysis

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15
Q

what type of pharmacoeconomic evaluation is the most common type & has a common health outcome?

A

cost-effective analysis

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16
Q

what type of pharmacoeconomic evaluation assesses costs and benefits of intervention where there is no single outcome of interest & is useful comparing diff programs across diff tx areas?

A

cost-utility analysis

17
Q

what type of pharmacoeconomic evaluation is used to assess cost-effectiveness & cost utility?

A

cost benefit analysis

18
Q

what is referred to when benefits are measured base on impact on length & quality of life to produce and overall index of health gain?

A

quality adjsuted life year

19
Q

What type of pharmacoeconomic evaluation assesses how much extra benefits is obtaiend for the extra cost?

A

Cost-benefit analysis

20
Q

What are the signnificance of Benefit/Cost Ratio?

A

B:C Ratio >1 = benefit exceeds cost
B:C ratio = 1 = benefits equal cost
B:C ratio <1 = cost exceeds benefit

21
Q

What is a form of health economic evaluation study where all direct & indirect costs & catalog of diff outcomes of all alternatives are listed separately?

A

Cost-Consequence analysis

22
Q

Why is it that clinical trials do not represent the “real world”?

A
  1. Carefully selected subjects
  2. Adherence/compliance is not an issue
  3. Do not really establish whether the drug is effective
23
Q

What is the main factor in Efficiency?

A

Cost

24
Q

What is the POV of clinical trials?

A

Patient-centered outcomes

25
Q

What is the most important thing to take note of in conducting PE studies?

A

Country

26
Q

How is pharmacoeconomics commonly used?

A

Formulary status
Disease management strategies
Allocation of resources
Clinical decision

27
Q

What has a list of drugs avail withi nthe organization?

A

Formulary status

28
Q

What grp determined formular status?

A

Pharmacy & Therapeutics COmmittee

29
Q

What are the key elements of pharmacoeconomic anlaysis?

A
  • types of outcomes are measured
  • Types of costs that are measrued
  • perspective from which the analysis is conducted
  • discounting costs/benefits
  • sensitivity
30
Q

What are direct & indirect costs?

A

Direct cost = resources needed to deliver health care services

Indirect costs = do not directly affect the provision of medical care but are costs to society

31
Q

What does the ECHO model stand for?

A

Economic
Clinical
Humanistic Outcomes

Pharmacology (19 decks)

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