Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology > Psychopharmacology > Flashcards

Psychopharmacology Flashcards

(87 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the funciton of Acetylcholine?

A

muscle action
learning
memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the funciton of Dopamine?

A

movement
learning
attention
emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the funciton of serotonin?

A

mood
hunger
sleep
arousal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the function of NRE?

A

alertness
arousal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the major inhibitory NT? if undersupply, what happens?

A

GABA

undersupply:
- seizures
- tremors
- insmonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the major excitatory NT involved in memory? if there’s oversupply, what happens?

A

glutamate

oversupply:
- overstimulate th brain
- migraines/seizures/avoid MSG, monosodium glutamate in the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the effects of undersupply for NRE, Serotonin, Dopamine?

A

Dopamine:
- tremors, DEC mobility in Parkison’s dis

Serotonin:
- depression

NRE:
- depressed mood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is effect of oversupply of dopamine?

A

schizophrenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what includes genetics, rare mutations, lesions, insertion of a diseaes?

A

Biopsychosocial model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the most popular

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what happens in the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia?

A

limic dopaminerig c activity & postmortem dopamine receptor density -> psychosis, symptoms of schizophrenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the pos symmptoms of schizophrenia?

A
  • delusions
  • hallucinations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the neg symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

anhedonia
affective flattening
avolition
social withdrawal
alogia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the 4 dopamine pathways involved in schizophrenia

A

mesolimbic = causes positive symptoms
Mesocortical = negative, cognitive, & affectiev symptoms
Nigostrial = EPS & TD drug side effects
Tuberohypophyseal = hyperprolactinemia side effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are chemical classification of antipsychotics?

A

Phenothiazine dervicatives
Thioxanthene derivatives
Butyrophenone dervivatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the diff between typical & atypical antipsychotics?

A

typical = acts on dopaminergic system by blocking D2 receptors

Atypical = minimal extrapyramidal side effects at clinically efefctive antipsychotic doses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what do Atypical antipsychotics treat?

A

both positive & negative signs & symptoms of schizophrenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the diff 1st gen dopamine reeptor antagonsits (typical)?

A

Chlorpromazine
Fluphenazine
Flupenthixol
Haloperidol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what type of receptors are found in atypical antipsychotics?

A

higher degree of occupancy = Serotonergic receptors
lower affinity & occupancy = Dopaminergic receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the diff 2nd generation or Serotonin dopamine antagonists (atypical)?

A

Risperidone
Clozapine
Olanzapine
Quetiapine
Paliperidone
Asenapine
Lurasidone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the diff 3rd generation partial agonists/antagonist of dopamine & serotonin?

A

Aripiprazole
Brexiprazole
Cariprazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the AEs of 1st generation antipsychotics?

A

Acute: Acute dystonia (!), Akathisia, Pseudoparkinonism, Rabbit syndrome, Pisa syndrome

Late: Tardive dyskinesia (!), Hyerprolactinemia

Anticholinergic effects: dry mouth constipation, blurred vision, urinary retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the MOA of 1st generation of antipsychotics?

A

postsynaptic blockade of brain dopamine D2 receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the diff high-potency & low-potency first generation antipsychotics? Its Hitaminic & Muscarinic recpetor activity?

A

high-potency FGA: Fluphenazine, Haloperidol
- LOW receptor activity

Low-potency FGA: Chlorpromazine, Thioridazone
- HIGH receptor activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what are the diff AEs of High-potency FGAs?
- high risk for extrapyramidal symptoms - little sedation, weight gain, or anticholinergic activity
26
what are the diff SEs of low-potency FGAs?
- greater AEs (blurred vision, ocular toxicity, orthostatic HTN, QTc prolongation, urinary retention) - better tolerated
27
what are the diff anticholinergic effects of first gen antipsychotics?
Dry mouth or constipation blurred vision or urinary retention
28
what are the different SEs of antiosychotics & their receptor types?
D2 = EPS, hyperprolactinemia M1 = cognitive defects, dry mouth, constipation, INC HR, urinary retenion, & blurred vision H1 = sedation and weight gain a1 = hypotension 5-HT2A = anti-EPS 5-HT2C = Satiety blockade
29
what are the tx for AEs?
EPS - anticholinergic agents - antihistamine - beta-blockers -anxiolytics Symptomatic/Supportive therapy = other side effects
30
what is the MOA of 2nd generation antipsychotics?
stimulates serotonin 5HT2A receptor antagonist that accompanies the D2 antagonim
31
What is the MOA of Risperidone?
typical antipsychotic at doses >6mg
32
what are the SEs of Risperidone at high dose ?
Common SE: Hyperprolactinemia, weight gain & sedation High dose: EPS, hypotension
33
what are SEs of Olanzapine?
common: weight gain, metabolic syndrome (INC TAGs, CHOL, GLucose)
34
what are SEs of Quetiapine?
Metabolic syndrome (INC TAGs, Chole, CHO) Orthostatic hypotension
35
what are SEs of Clozapine?
- Agranulocytosis - INC risk if seizures, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, non-ketotic hyperosomolar coma & death
36
what is the effect of Lurasidone?
less hypotension
37
what is the MOA of Paliperidone?
antagonist at D2-dopaminergic receptors, a1-adrenergic & a2-adrenergic receptors, H1-histaminergic receptors
38
what is the MOA of Asenapine?
high-affinity antagonist at 5-HT1A-HT2C + HT5-7 serotonergic receptors
39
what are the common SE of Asenapine?
sedation dizziness somnolence fatigue dry mouth weight gain
40
what is the MOA of Aripiprazole?
partial agonist at D2 & 5HT2A & partial antagonist at 5HT2A
41
what are SEs of Aripiprazole?
low EPS no QT prolongation low sedation
42
what are the receptors that makes Brexipiprazole antagonists?
5-HT2A, B, 7 Alpha 1A, 1B, 1D, 2C
43
what are the receptors that make Brexipiprazole partial agonists?
D2, D3 & 5-HT1A receptors
44
what precaution should be taken for Brexipiprazole?
monitor for clinical worsening & emergence of suicidal thoughts & behaviors for 20yo and below
45
what are common SE of Brexipiprazole?
weight gain akathisia headache
46
what is the MOA of Glycine transporter 1 receptor?
Glycine is required co-agonist w/ glutamate at NMDA receptors
47
what is the most popular hypothesis about depression?
imbalance/deficiency of the monoamine NTs (serotonin, NRE, dopamine)
48
what are the 2 pharmacologic class of antidepressants?
cyclic antidepressants monoamine oxidase inhibitors
49
what are the diff cyclic antidepressants?
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors = Citalopream, Fluoxetine, Paroxetine, Escitalopram, Fluvoxamine, Sertraline Selective Serotonin-NRE Reuptake inhibtor = Venlafaxine, Desvenlaxafine, Duloxetine, Levomilnacipran Serotonin-1A Agonist/Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor = Vilazodone Noradrenergic/Specific Serotonergic agent = Mirtazapine Nonselective Cyclic Agents (Mixed reuptake inhibitor/receptor blockers) = Amitriptyline, Desipramine, Imipramine, Maprotiline, Nortriptyline
50
what are the diff Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Irreversible MAO Inhibtors = Phenelzine Irreversible MAO-B inhibitor = Selegiline
51
what are the things u should consider before prescribing a drug to a px on their first episode?
past history of response to a certain antidepressant side effect profile coexisting medical conditions
52
why is it there is an improvement of symptoms after 3-6 wks of therapy?
increase in brain0derived neutrotophic factors levels -> INC synaptic proteins & receptors to which Serotonin can bind to => INC # of neurons & dendritic sprouts
53
what are the 1st line of antidepressants due to their efficacy, tolerabiity & general safety profile?
SSRIs
54
what is the MOA of SSRI?
prevents reuptake & subseqeunt degradation of serotonin
55
what are important PD of SSRI?
Fluoxetine - longest 1/2 life Sertraline = less sedating Paroxetine = greatest sedating properties
56
what are common SEs of SSRIs?
headache, GI symptoms Decreased libido Discontinuation syndrome = if px suddenly stops taking of drug (dizziness, lethargy, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache)
57
what is the C/I of px taking SSRi?
intake of MAOi due to Serotonin syndrome
58
What are the triad of symptoms that present in Serotonin syndrome
mental status changes autonomic hyperactivity neuromuscular abnormalities
59
wha tis the MOA of SNRI (serotonin NRE reuptake inhibitor)
inhibitor of 5HT, NE transporters
60
What are common AEs of SNRI?
nausea, headache agitation sedation
61
what is the indication of Noradrenergic specific serotnergic antidepressant?
MDD w/ insomnia
62
what is the indicaition of SNRI?
MDD, GAD pain due to DM nephropahty, fibromyalgia
63
what is the D/I of Serotonin simulator/modulator?
serotonin syndrome -> dont take with other SSRIs?
64
what are indications for tricyclic antidpressants?
unresponseive to SSRI or SNRI insomnia neuropathic pain nocturnal enuresis MDD
65
what are the 2 classes of Drugs for ADHD?
psychostimulants non-sychostimulants
66
what are the psychostimulants & non- for ADHD?
Methylphenidate Dextroapmhetamine non-psychostimulants: Atomoxetine
67
what are the MOA of each psychostimulants for ADHD?
Methylphenidate = INC synaptic dopamine & NRE Dextroamphetamine = competitive i & pseudosubstrate for presynaptic transporters for DA, NE, 5-HT
68
what is the MOA of atomoxetine?
no stimulant or euphoriant activity INC NRE & DA in frontal cortex
69
in what cases do u use psychostimualnts
>6yo ADHD, narcolepsy
70
what are indications of sex drive antidepressants?
reduction of sexual arousal, libido disruptive sexual behavior sex offenders
71
what re the 3 classes of sex-drive depressants and ex?
Anti-androgen/Progestogen -> Cyproterone Progestogen -> Medroxyprogesterone Anti-androgen, 5a reductase i -> Finasteride
72
what are the diff mood stabilizers?
Lithium Anticonvulsants: Valproic acid, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine Antipsychotics Antipsychotic/Antidepressant combination
73
what is the gold std/1st line for mania?
lithiu,
74
what is the MOA of lithium?
inhibits inisoitol monophosphate --> inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3 enzyme that appears to limit neurotrophic & neuroprotective processes
75
what are the different enzymes affected by lithium? (!)
1. inositol monophosphate 2. inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphate 3. glycogen synthase kinase-3
76
what are AEs of lithium?
cardiac arrhythmia bradycardia sinoatrial dysfunction abnormal T-waves on ECG ST segment depression
77
what anticonvulsant is effective as lithium in mania prophylaxis but not in depression prophylaxis?
valproic acid
78
what are AEs of valproic acid?
hepatic toxicity, pancreatitis
79
what is the indication of Carbamazepine & Lamotrigine?
Lamotrigine = bipolar depression Carbamazepine = acute mania & mania prophylaxis
80
what are the 3 types of insomnia?
transient insomnia = <4 wks duration short-term insomnia = 4wk - 6 mons chronic insomnia - >6 mons
81
what are the FDA approved drugs for insomnia?
Nonbenzodiazepines Ramelteon: Melatonin agonist Benzodiazepines
82
what is the indication of Nonbenzodiazepines?
short term tx duration of insomnia
83
what is the insomnia indicator of Ramelteon?
initial insomnia (sleep onset) unlikely ti improve sleep maintenance
84
what re indication sof Benzodiazepines (anxiolytics)?
GAD panic disorder insomnia seizure disorder
85
what is the MOA of Benzodiazepines?
positive allosteric modulators fo GAVA at limbic system, brainsem reticular formation, and cortex
86
what are AEs of BEnzodiazepines?
mood disturbance/rebound anxiety Dependence (within 3-4 wks)
87
what are D/I of Benzodiazepines?
Cimetidine = INC benzodiazepin levels, CYP inhibition Ethanol = INC sedation/respiratory depression, CNS depression, synergism Opioids = INC sedation/respiratory depression, CNS additive

Pharmacology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions