Pharmacognosy Flashcards
(315 cards)
0
Q
The usual source of tannins from plants is from the
A
Barks/stems
1
Q
A glucosan yield glucose units on hydrolysis. While inulin is a ______.
A
Fructosan
2
Q
Ethanol and citric acid are produced by the cellular respiration of carbohydrates, especially
A
Glucose
3
Q
Because mannitol is absorbed from the GIT and parenterally is not metabolized, then it is used as:
A
Osmotic diuretic
4
Q
This gum has pseudo-plastic property to enable ointments to hold their shape and spread readily.
A
Xanthan
5
Q
The general steps in the preparation of crude drugs
A
Collection, Harvesting, Drying, Garbling, Packaging, storage and preservation
6
Q
Usual source of fixed oils
A
Seeds
7
Q
Antidote for alkaloidal poisoning
A
Tannic acid
8
Q
The most important of the opium alkaloids
A
Morphine
9
Q
The red-colored product formed when tannins are treated with hydrolytic agents is known as
A
Phlobaphenes
10
Q
Most widely used alkaloid
A
Codeine
11
Q
Tannins have the ability to precipitate ______ which is utilized in vegetable tanning which converts animal hides to leather.
A
Proteins
12
Q
Among the anthraquinone glycosides, this is not employed as cathartic because it is too irritating to use
A
Chrysarobin
13
Q
Ethiodized oil is an iodine addition product of ethyl ester of the fatty acid of
A
Poppy seed
14
Q
The alkaloid present in Rauwolfia
A
Reserpine
15
Q
The alkaloid formed by the acetylation of morphine
A
Heroin
16
Q
Volatile oils present in Vick’s vaporub
A
Menthol
Camphor
Thymol
Cineole or Eucalyptol
17
Q
This alkaloid is employed in ophthalmology to treat glaucoma
A
Eserine aka Physostigmine
18
Q
One of the ff is not a medicinal balsam Storax Benzoin Styrax Tolu Methyl salicylate
A
Methyl salicylate
19
Q
If indian hemp is cannabis; then black Indian hemp is
A
Apocynum
20
Q
The alkaloid in the form of syrup is used in the treatment of drug overdose in certain poisonings
A
Ipecac
21
Q
The product formed by the action of nitric acid on rectified turpentine oil in the presence of alcohol is
A
Terpinol
22
Q
The principal cinchona alkaloid employed therapeutically as anti-protozoal drug
A
Quinine
23
Q
The main therapeutic use of methoxsalen, a lactone glycoside
A
Repigmentation
24
Sodium morrhuate is the sodium salt of the fatty acid of
Cod
25
Cod liver oil is from the fresh liver of
Gadus morrhua
26
Paregoric is also known as
Camphorated opium tincture
27
Menthol is the active constituent present in
Peppermint
28
Lemon oil that has _____ odor must not be used or dispensed
Terebinthinate
29
These are lipid metabolites formed in the body of animals from unsaturated fatty acids of the diet
Prostaglandin
30
Mercuric Iodide, Potassium Iodide and water are the composition of
Mayer's reagent
31
```
Classified as an alcohol glycoside:
Salicin
Gentisin
Cantharidin
Entadin
```
Salicin
32
These are antigenic substances capable of sensitizing the body in such a way that unusual responses occur in hypersensitive individuals
Allergen
33
This test is used to determine the presence of proteins and involves the reaction of the benzene nucleus in the protein molecules yielding a deep yellow ppt as positive result
Xanthoproteic test
34
This is a solid vegetable oil
Theobroma
35
The coloring matter in plants
Plant pigments
36
It is a liquid animal fat
Cod liver oil
37
Blue-black color may indicate the presence of
Hydrolysable tannins
38
The pathologic product of sperm whale
Ambergris (used in perfumery)
39
The terpenes found in volatile oils, as well as other plant products, like steroids, carotenoids, amyrinsand rubber are collectively known as
Isoprenoids
40
This refers to the evaluation by means of the organs of sense and includes macroscopic appearance of drugs
Organoleptic
41
The process of removing sufficient moisture to ensure good keeping qualities.
Drying
42
Source of arbutin, a phenol containing glycoside.
Bear berry or uva ursi
43
Uva ursi or bear berry is the dried leaf of
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
44
The most widely occurring sterol
Cholesterol
45
The principal sterol in fungi
Ergosterol
46
In the enfleurage method, the fatty acid product impregnated with the floral odor is called
Pomade
47
Limonene has the configuration
Two double bonds and one cycle
| Limonene is a monocyclic monoterpene
48
Ascaridol, a volatile oil constituent obtained from the chenopodium oil is a/an
Oxide
49
In general, alkaloids may be identified by
Specific rotation
Solubility in various solvents
Color reactions with specified reagents
50
This does not possess narcotic properties and is therefore sometimes called anarcotic
Noscapine
51
It is a uterine stimulating fraction and it is relatively free from action on other smooth muscle
Oxytocin or alpha-hypophamine
52
This regulates the threshold for resorption of water by the epithelium of the renal tubules
Vasopressin or beta-hypophamine
53
These are resinous mixtures that contain cinnamic acid, benzoic acid or both or esters of these acids
Balsams
54
A mixture of protein-digesting and milk clotting enzymes obtained from the juice of the pineapple plant
Bromelain
55
The blue color of the oil of chamomile, an inherent property of the oil when freshly distilled, is due to
Chamazulene
| C15H18
56
```
The ff employs expression as a method of volatile oil extraction except
Sponge process
Ecuelle method
Machine process
Enfleurage
```
Enfleurage
57
In percolation with volatile solvents as a method of volatile oil extraction, the volatile solvent is removed by vacuum distillation and the resulting products is known as
Concretes
58
After separating the waxes from the volatile oil, the resulting product is known as
Absolutes
59
A class of proteins which are characterized by solubility in water and in diluted aqueous salt solutions
Albumins
* Globulins are insol in water and sol in dilute salt soln
* Glutelins are sol in both
60
The ff are properties of the hydrolysable tannins except
(1) dark green color with ferric chloride
(2) gallic acid when heated result to formation of pyrogallol
(3) no ppt with bromine water
(4) pyrogallol give soluble compounds with lead acetate
(1)
61
Parent nucleus of chlorophylls
Porphine
62
Chemical classes of sapogenin include/s
Steroid (neutral saponins)
| Triterpenoid (acid saponins)
63
The ff are true for chlorophyll A except
(1) chlorophyll A has a methyl substituent attached to the top right-hand pyrrole ring
(2) chlorophyll A occur in ferns, mosses, and algae
(3) the ratio of chlorophyll A to B is 3:1 and there is no ready interconversion between them
(2)
64
Solvent commonly used for extraction of chlorophyll from leaves
Acetone
65
Derivatives of manelonitrile
Cyanophore glycosides
66
The ff are properties of nonhydrolyzable tannins except
(1) bluish to black color with ferric chloride
(2) contain phloroglucinol nucleus in part
(3) precipitated by bromine water
(4) yield catechol when heated
(1)
67
To convert an alkaloid salt into a free base, the ff should be added
Aqueous alkali such as sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or lime
68
These are the common red to blue pigments of flower petals
Anthocyanins
69
Which glycoside yield allyl isothiocyanate as one of the products of hydrolysis
Sinigrin
70
```
Major carotenoids in plants except
B-carotene
Lycopene
A-carotene
Gossypol
```
Gossypol
71
Most of the glycosides are subject to hydrolysis, resulting in the cleavage of glycosidic linkages, by:
Acid or enzyme
72
Glycosides that represent the group of bound poisons
Cyanophore
73
Glycoside that yield HCN as one of the products of hydrolysis
Amygdalin
74
```
Which of the ff is classified as alcoholic glycoside
Salicin
Glucovanillin
Prunasin
Arbutin
```
Salicin
75
Glycoside that yield a phenolic compound as one of its products of hydrolysis
Arbutin
76
The conversion of papaverine into papaveroline is a ______ type of reaction
Demethylation
77
A rare type of alkaloid
Quaternary
78
```
Each of the ff volatile oils has a hydrocarbon as major constituent except
Turpentine oil
Lemon oil
Pepper oil
Rose oil
```
Rose oil - contains geraniol, (-) citronellol, and nerol which are alcohol volatile oils
79
The conversion of morphine into apomorphine is a _______ type of reaction
Dehydration
80
```
Each of the ff volatile oils has an aldehyde as a major constituent except
Ceylon cinnamon oil
Lemon oil
Camphor oil
Cassia cinnamon oil
```
Camphor is a ketone volatile oil
81
These are natural or induced solid or semisolid exudations from plants or from insects feeding on plants
Resins
82
Specific glycoside obtained from Coccus cacti
Carminic acid
83
Alkaloids are liberated from their salts by addition of aqueous alkali such as
Sodium carbonate
Sodium bicarbonate
Lime
84
Scientific name of Neem, used as insecticide and bitter
Azadirachta indica
85
These are esters of high molecular, monohydric alcohols and high molecular fatty acid
Waxes
86
The plant material is treated with ammonium hydroxide in order to
Convert alkaloidal salts into free base
87
Theophylline is classified as
Xanthine
88
Anti-acne principle synthesized from castor oil
Azeleic acid
89
Flavonoid found in yellow flower pigments
Chalcones
90
Menstruum used to extract solanine from potatoes
Acetic acid
91
Glycoside found in garlic which possess anti-platelet, antimicrobial and anti-rheumatic properties
Allicin
92
These are esters consisting of glycerol in combination with fatty acids, phosphoric acid, and certain nitrogenous compounds
Phospholipids
93
Phospholipids are categorized as
Lecithins
Cephalins
Sphignomyelins
94
Glycosidic principle obtained from fish berries, Cocculus indicus formerly used as an analeptic
Picrotoxin
95
A french pharmacist collaborates with Pelletier in the discovery of Quinine which has become worldwide treatment of malaria
Joseph Caventou
96
Drugs classified accdg to the natural relationship among plants and animals
Taxonomic classification
97
Generally accepted medicinal use of tannins
Astringent
98
Cocaine has a long duration of local anesthetic action because it is a
Vasoconstrictor
99
Quinoline alkaloid employed for malaria
Quinine
100
Most important monosaccharide found in plants
Hexoses
101
It reacts with iodine to form a deep blue complex
Amylose
102
The only local anesthetic that causes vasoconstriction
Cocaine
103
It reacts with iodine to form a blue-violet or purple color
Amylopectin
104
The paste forming properties of starch are due to this constituent
Amylopectin
105
Plant acid isolates in crystal form from lemon by Scheele in 1784
Citric acid
106
The characteristic bitter flavor of beer is due to
Lupulus
107
Purified water soluble mixture of glycosides extracted from cascara
Casanthranol
108
Animal used in the biological assay of digitalis for its potency
Pigeon
109
A phytochemist who made a number of significant discoveries including codeine and isolation of narcotine
Pierre Robiquet
110
A German pharmacist who isolated hyoscyamine with fellow Philip Geigner
Rudolf Brandes
111
Enzymes that hydrolyze a considerable number of glycosides
Emulsin and myrosin
112
Known as the first broad-spectrum antibiotic discovered
Chloramphenicol
113
It destroys red blood corpuscles by hemolysis and are toxic especially to cold-blooded animals
Saponin glycosides
114
Stearoptenes
Menthol
Thymol
Anethole
115
The ff are characteristics of volatile oils except
(1) miscible with water
(2) odorous principles
(3) optically active
(4) resinify
(1)
116
A type of distillation applied to plant material that is dried and not subject to injury by boiling
Water distillation
117
Known as alligator pear, its pulverized seeds can be used to treat rheumatism and neuralgia
Persea americana (avocado)
118
The purified fatlike substance obtained from the wool of sheep
Lanolin
119
Scientific name of kintsay
Apium graveolens
120
It contains kuskus oil and is known as moras
Vetiveria zizanioides
121
Citral is an
Aldehyde volatile oil
122
The active constituent of Capsicum frutescens
Capsaicin
123
A drying agent used to purify essential oils
Anhydrous calcium sulfate
124
```
The ff are tests for saponin glycosides except
Barfoed's
Hemolysis test
Capillary test
Froth test
```
Barfoed's is test to differentiate monosaccharide from disaccharides
125
It is a purified carbohydrate product obtained from the inner rind of citrus fruits
Pectin
126
Sucrose yieds
Fructose and Glucose
127
A type of extraction used in the preparation of tincture or fluidextracts
Percolation
128
A local source of cyanogenic glycosides is
Manihot esculenta (cassava or kamoteng kahoy)
129
A resin which is used as a diaphoretic
Capsicum
130
It contains the alkaloid called ditamine and is known as Australian quinine bark
Dita
131
The technical term for solvent used during extraction
Menstruum
132
It is one of the ingredients of the embalming material of the Egyptians
Myrrh
133
The official test animal employed in the standardization of mydriatic drugs such as atropine
Cat
134
It is used in the treatment of asthma by using leaves and flowers as cigarettes
Talumpunay or Datura metel
135
Local source of hyoscyamine
Talumpunay or Datura metel
136
The element responsible for the basic pharmacological properties of alkaloids
Nitrogen
137
The botanical origin of motherwort or damong maria which can be used as insect repellant
Artemisia vulgaris
138
The scientific name of makahiya or sensitive plant
Mimosa pudica
139
A plant causing dermatitis
Poison ivy
140
Takip-kuhol contains bitter principle vellarin used as counter-irritant. Its scientific name is
Centella asiatica
141
Glycoside found in cassava
Mannihoxotin
142
An oleoresin used externally as counterirritant
Turpentine
143
It is known as Indian hemp or hashish
Cannabis
144
It is known as Ringworm bush or shrub, used to treat ringworm by using its leaves
Akapulko (Cassia alata)
145
The botanical origin of bitter gourd
Momordica charantia
146
Caffeine belongs to this class of alkaloids
Xanthine alkaloids
147
This plant is used to wrap cooked rice for fragrance
Pandan-mabango
148
Hallucinogenic agent derived from Cannabis sativa
Tetrahydrocannabinol
149
The official test animal employed to assay Curare alkaloids, since these animal manifest the head drop, indicative of muscle relaxation
Rabbit
150
Intrinsic factor in pernicious anemia
Cyanocobalamin
151
It contains ocimene, eugenol and pinene and a decoction of this herb is for the treatment of cough
Ocimum basilicum
152
Is a flavor used to disguise the bitterness of certain preparation, such as those containing quinine
Eriodictyon or yerba santa
153
```
All these drugs contain caffeine except
Coffee
Tea
Cola
Coca
```
Coca
154
The solid, oxidized hydrocarbon of volatile oils
Stearoptene
155
The study of the use of chemical agents which are more selectively toxic to the invading organism than to host is known as
Chemotherapy
156
The solid resin from turpentine
Rosin or colophony
157
When the powder of this alkaloid is burned, the resultant vapor is inhaled for the relief of asthma
Stramonium
158
An anti-hypertensive and psychotherapeutic alkaloid
Reserpine
159
Medicinal effects and potencies of cardio-active glycosides depend on
Cardiac/cardiotonic effect
160
The most notable property of tannins utilized in the leather industry
Precipitate protein
161
A test for carbohydrates containing protein producing a red-blue or purple ring between the two layers
Molisch test
162
```
Parts of this plant are used as condiments, except
Bawang
Makabuhay
Siling labuyo
Luya
```
Makabuhay - used in tx of stomach trouble, indigestion and diarrhea
163
Although prostaglandin are hormone-like, they more closely resemble
Lipids
164
Parent compound of natural prostaglandins
Prostanoic acid
165
It is known as lemon grass under the family Poaceae, used as diuretic, aromatic bath and scent for perfume
Tanglad or lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus)
166
Local name of Quisqualis indica
Niyog-niyogan
167
Scientific name of mansanilya
Chrysanthemum indicum
168
Component of volatile oil which is responsible for its antiseptic and germicidal action
Phenols
169
Yeast is rich source of
Riboflavin
170
Is the common medicinal use of volatile oil
Carminative
171
Codeine which is used as an analgesic and depressant to the cough reflex is a derivative of
Morphine
172
Methylmorphine is
Codeine
173
The polyglucan used as a plasma expander and is formed from sucrose by the action of the enzyme transglucosylase
Dextran
174
Attacks protopectin yielding soluble pectin
Protopectase
175
The starting materials for the synthesis of fats in plants
Fatty acids and glycerol
176
Precursor of coenzyme A
Panthothenic acid
177
A descriptive material pertaining to any drugs or preparation in the USP/NF
Official monograph
178
Food of the gods
Theobroma
179
Pigment of flowers which is of glycosidic character
Anthocyanins
180
End product of acid formation in the plant and occurs as insoluble calcium salt or raphides
Calcium oxalate
181
1,3,7-trimethylxanthine
Caffeine
182
Plastid pigments are commonly extracted by what solvent
Acetone
183
A plant pigment of therapeutic importance in preventing xeropthalmia
Carotene
184
A test to distinguish tartrates from citrates make use of this reagent
Denige's reagent
185
USP official alkaloids with oncolytic action
Leucristine
Vinblastine
Vinca leukoblastin
186
Method of extracting volatile oils with the use of cold fat
Enfleurage
187
Which vitamin is formed in the body by exposire to ultraviolet irradiation or sunlight?
Vitamin D
188
```
The ff is not a polysaccharide
Dextran
Cellulose
Sucrose
Insulin
```
Sucrose is a disaccharide
189
Active constituent of the volatile oil of tanglad which is a very good source if vitamin A
Citral
190
The alkaloid obtained from ergot which is used to relieve or treat migraine
Ergotamine
191
Condensed tannins give the specific colored precipitates with FeCl3 test
Green-black ppt
192
Volatile oils play a vital role in plants as
Insect repellant/attractants
193
A drug that disguises the bitter taste of quinine by paralyzing the taste buds
Glycyrrhiza
194
The new name of the family Palmae
Arecaceae
195
Free vitamin A does not occur in plants, but in its place are compounds that are converted into vitamin A in the small animal body. These precursors of vitamin A are called
Neovitamin A
| B-carotene
196
Hallucinogen derived from ergot
LSD
197
Confirmatory test for glucose
Moore's test
198
The purified mixture of simple protein principles obtained from the sperm or testes of suitable species of fish, usually belonging to the genera Oncorhyncus Suckley
Protamine sulfate
199
An alkaloid which does not react with or form precipitate with alkaloidal reagent
Caffeine
200
New name of family Graminea
Poaceae
201
Animals used to determine the phenol coefficient or antiseptic value of certain drug
Mice
202
A structural polysaccharide found in primary cell walls and functions as intercellular cement
Pectins
203
The step in the preparation of crude drug which consists of the removal of the extraneous matter prior to packaging
Garbling
204
The wax present in beeswax
Myricyl palmitate
205
The primary function of plants not present in animals but on which animal and man depend greatly
Photosynthesis
206
```
These yield fixed oils except
Coconut
Lemon grass
Peanut
Corn
```
Lemon grass contains citral, a volatile oil
207
Colloidal substance obtained from Gelidium cartilagineum
Gelatin
208
Oil tubes found in plants under Apiaceae family that contain the volatile oil
Vittae
209
The enzyme in black mustard seed that hydrolyzes the glycoside
Myrosin
| *myrosin hydrolyzes sinigrin (a glycoside) to yield allyl isothiocyanate
210
```
Plant sources of tropane alkaloids except
Belladonna
Stramonium
Hyoscyamus
Senna
```
Senna - source of anthraquinone glycosides
211
Citrus volatile oils whose aroma is injuriously affected by heat is best obtained by
Expression
212
The ff are diff of hydrolyzable from non-hydrolyzable tannins except
(1) h tannins form blue-black ppt with ferric chloride
(2) non-h tannins decolorize potassium permanganate
(3) h tannins show no visible result with bromine water
(2)
213
The enzyme that catalyze the hydrolysis of proteins
Trypsin
214
Purified carbohydrate product obtained from the dilute acid extract of the inner portion of the rind of citrus fruits or from apple pomace
Pectin
215
```
The ff fixed oils are used as solvent for IM inj, except
Sesame oil
Peanut oil
Corn oil
Olive oil
```
Olive oil
216
Plant sources of purine bases alkaloids
Kola
Tea
Cacao
217
An amorphous mixture of glucosides obtained from the leaf of Digitalis purpurea
Gitalin
218
Contain about a dozen cardioactive glycosides, the principal of which is scillaren A
Squill
219
Forms colloidal solutions in water that foam upon shaking, and destroys the RBC by hemolysis
Saponins
220
Also known as vitamin H which acts as a carboxyl-carrying cofactor im several carboxylase enzyme system
Biotin
221
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is
Brewer's yeast
222
Component of lecithin and a precursor of acetylcholine
Choline
223
The organism used in the parasitic method of producing Ergot alkaloids
Claviceps purpurea
224
Organism used in the saprophytic method of producing Ergot alkaloids
Claviceps paspali
225
A true form of adulteration
Sophistication
226
First anti-fungal antibiotic
Griseofulvin
227
Glycosides are also known as
Sugar ether
228
The alkaloid used as a means of doubling chromosomes in the study of plant genetics
Colchicines
229
Ideal temp for storage of volatile oils
2-8C
230
Contact insecticide
Rotenone
231
This is also known as 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde popularly used as flavoring agent
Vanillin
232
The plant part from where the refined corn oil is obtained
Embryo
233
```
Which of the ff belongs to anthraquinone glycosides
Vanilla
Glycyrrhiza
Mustard
Senna
```
Senna
234
Unicellular organisms that are well-known for their ability to metabolize sugar into alcohol and CO2
Yeast
235
Rutin and hesperidin combination is also known as
Vitamin P
236
Resin component devoid of chemical proerties
Resenes
237
Most impt contributor to lemon oil flavor
Citral
238
Contracts the gall bladder stimulating the flow of bile
Cholecystokinin
239
The undissolved portion of the drug that remains after extraction
Marc
240
The first of the broad spectrum antibiotics
Chloramphenicol (chloromycetin)
241
Fixed oils are frequently extracted from their sources by
Expression
242
A purified carbohydrate product extracted from the brown seaweeds Macrosystic pyrifera by the use of dilute alkali
Algin
243
Class of natural products with potent nd diverse biological activities involved in platelet aggregation, pain and inflammation
Prostaglandins
244
The first immunoglobulin to appear when a newly born infant begins its own antibody production
IgM
245
General test for carbohydrate based on the dehydration of sugar to furfural derivatives when the sugar is treated with conc sulfuric acid, producing a violet ring bet 2 layers
Molisch
246
Tests for reducing sugars
Fehling
Barfoed
Benedicts
247
The non-sugar portion of a glycoside is known as
Genin
248
A plant pigment of therapeutic importance in preventing xerophthalmia is
Carotene
249
Fermenting enzymes that converts monosaccharides to ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide
Zymase
250
Glycosidic volatile oils are obtained by
Enzymatic hydrolysis
251
Te alkaloid which continues to be the drug of choice against malaria
Quinine
252
Vinca rosea yields vinblastine which is
Anticancer
253
Vinca rosea yields this antineoplastic alkaloid
Vincristine
254
This alkaloid is used as a skeletal muscle relaxant
Tubo-curarine
255
If indian hemp is marijuana, then black hemp is
Apocynum
256
Benne oil
Sesame oil
257
The alkaloid reagent composed of iodine, potassium iodine solution is known as
Wagner's reagent
258
A medicinally impt lipid which is used as a sclerosing agent
Sodium morrhuate
259
The root of Rauwolfia serpentina is used as
Antihypertensive
260
It serves as a commercial source of strychnine and brucine
Nux vomica
261
Source of castor oil
Ricinus communis
262
These are official tests done on living animals as well as on intact or excised organa and which often indicate the stregth of a particular drug or its preparation
Bioassays
263
A specifically prepared gelatin product used in neurosurgery and in thoracic and ocular surgery
Absorbable gelatin film
264
An opium alkaloid known as narcotine isolated by Robiquet is now officially called as
Noscapine
265
Caffeine belongs to this class of alkaloids
Xanthine
266
An imidazole alkaloid obtained from Pilocarpus jaborandi is used to treat
Glaucoma
267
The alkaloid found in calabar bean
Physostigmine
268
Lipids used to control the consistency of creams and ointments
Waxes
269
A test to determine the presence of cyanogenic glycosides
Guignard test
270
```
The ff alkaloid are present in Datura metel except
Atropine
Caffeine
Hyoscyamine
Scopolamine
```
Caffeine
271
A cofactor that is firmly bound to an apoenzyme
Holoenzyme
272
Plant part collected when vegetative processes have ceased
Roots and rhizome
273
A sugar alcohol found in plants
Dulcitol
274
It is incorporated in tablets and lozenges that intended to aid in breaking tobacco habit
Lobeline SO4
275
This is the most widely used opium alkaloid which are narcotic analgesics and antitussives and are used as sedatives, especially in allaying coughs
Codeine
276
Tis term is used to designate simple organic compounds containing not more that 6 carbon atoms and 2or 3 carboxyl groups
Plant acids
277
Expensive substance used in perfumery which is a pathological product found in intestines of sperm whales
Ambergris
278
Devil's dung used as a carminative and anti-spasmodic
Asafetida
279
Use of bornyl acetate, a volatile oil constituent
Expectorant
280
The residue left after distilling the volatile oil from the oleoresin obtained from the various species of Pinus
Colophony
281
Dried stalks of seaweed which is used in dilating the cavities such as cervix in labor or abortion induction due to its swelling characteristic
Laminaria
282
The chief component of Melissa officinalis, is commonly known as lemon balm
Citral
283
A muccopolysaccharide obtained from saliva which is active against gram + bacteria, by transforming the insoluble polysaccharides
Muramidase
| Lysozyme
284
Oleandrin, the active component present in Rose bay, Nerium oleander, is classified as
Cardiac glycoside
285
Aromatic water prepared from its flowers has been used as vehicles for eye and skin lotions
Elder flower
286
Alkaloid obtained from Sarothammus scorparius which was formerly used for cardiac arrhythmias
Sparteine
287
Alkaloid obtained from wolfsbane root or monkshood
Aconitine
288
Odorous principle found in tonka beans which is used as a fixative in perfumery, flavor and as precursor of anti-coagulanta
Coumarine
289
Active principle in ginseng is classified as a _______ glycoside
Saponin
290
An acid present in apples and pears which is used as a sialogogue and combines with salicylic acid and Benzoic acid for desloughening effects
Malic acid
291
Neroli oil
Orange flower oil
292
High molecular weight polysaccharide gum produced by a pure culture fermentation of a carbohydrate with Xanthomonas campestris, then purified by recovery with isopropyl alcohol, dried and milled
Dextran
293
Milky white viscid secretion from the salivary glands of the worker hive bee, Apis mellifera, and is used as a general tonic, toward effects of old age
Royal jelly
294
When non-h tannins were boiled with HCl, an insoluble compound known as ______ is formed
Phlobaphenes
295
Tannins is an effective antidote for ______ poisoning
Alkaloid
296
A CNS stimulant obtained from Nux vomica
Strychnine
297
Constituent of Claviceps purpurea employed as a uterine muscle relaxant
Ergonovine maleate
298
Pilocarpine, an imidazole alkaloid is employed for the treatment of
Glaucoma
299
These are usually hard, transparent, or translucent and when heated, they soften and finally melt
Resins
300
Tragacanth is a dried gummy exudate from
Astralagus gummifer
301
A process of extraction which involve by macerating the drugs for a short period of time with either hot or cold water
Infusion
302
```
The ff are plant acids except
Citric acid
Palmitic acid
Lactic acid
Tartaric acid
```
Palmitic acid is a fatty acid
303
Active constituent of wintergreen oil
Gaultheria oil
304
A method of evaluating plants accdg to the type of constituent present
Chemical
305
These are acetal in which the hydroxyl of the sugar is condensed with a hydroxyl group of the non sugar component
Glycosides (sugar ether)
306
```
The ff are alkaloidal reagents except
Millons
Mayers
Dragendorff
Wagner
```
Millons is a test for the presence of tyrosine, an amino acid
307
These are colorless but yields intense red or violet color when tested with boiled acid
Leukan thiocyanins
308
Used for the tx of cystitis
Zea mays
309
A phytochemical screening for saponin glycosides which measures the rate of fluidity of the extract
Capillary method
310
A ketone volatile oil that is used as antipruritus
Camphor
311
Theae are esters of long chain fatty acids and alcohol
Lipids
312
Gotu kola obtained from the leaves and stems of Centella asiatica used as diuretic, blood purifier, treats leprosy, body strengthener and revitalize is locally known as
Takip-kuhol
313
An alkaloid which does not react with or ppt with alkaloidal reagent is
Caffeine
314
Are unicellular organisms that are well known for their ability to metabolize sugar into alcohol and CO2
Yeast
