Pharmacologic Principles/Medication Administration Routes

Question 1

drug

Answer 1

chemical that affects the PHYSIOLOGIC PROCESSES OF a LIVING ORGANISM

Question 2

pharmacology

Answer 2

the STUDY or SCIENCE OF DRUGS

Question 3

chemical name

Answer 3

the actual CHEMICAL COMPOSITION and MOLECULAR STRUCTURE of a drug

Question 4

generic name

Answer 4

also known as the NONPROPRIETARY NAME
- given by the UNITED STATES ADOPTED NAMES COUNCIL
- often is LESS EXPENSIVE vs. the trade name brands
ex. acetaminophen

Question 5

trade name

Answer 5

also known as the PROPRIETARY NAME
- the REGISTERED TRADEMARK–restricted by the DRUG PATENT OWNER
- what is most often RECOGNIZED in the market
ex. tylenol

Question 6

how are DRUGS grouped together?

Answer 6

• their STRUCTURE (are they selective or non-selective?)
• their THERAPEUTIC USE
• PROTOTYPICAL DRUGS; the FIRST DRUG in a class of drugs (represents the DRUG CLASSIFICATION of a specific group)

Question 7

pharmaceutics

Answer 7

the study of how various DRUGS FORM influence the way in which the DRUG AFFECTS THE BODY

Question 8

pharmacokinetics

Answer 8

the study of what the BODY DOES TO THE DRUG

Question 9

what are the 4 PROCESSES within the scope of PARMACOKINETICS?

Answer 9

• ABSORPTION
• DISTRIBUTION
• METABOLISM
• EXCRETION
  (ADME)

Question 10

absorption

Answer 10

the MOVEMENT OF MEDICATION from the site of ADMINISTRATION
- considers BIOAVAILABILITY (extent of absorption) and the FIRST PASS EFFECT (drug goes into the lIVER&raquo_space; becomes inactive metabolites)

Question 11

distribution

Answer 11

the TRANSPORT OF A DRUG by the BLOODSTREAM to its site of action

Question 12

what is the MOST COMMON BLOOD PROTEIN?

Answer 12

albumin; carries the MOST PROTEIN-BOUND DRUG MOLECULES

Question 13

metabolism

Answer 13

also known as BIOTRANSFORMATION
- alteration of the drug into&raquo_space; INACTIVE METABOLITE, more SOLUBLE COMPOUND, and/or a more POTENT ACTIVE METABOLITE

Question 14

excretion

Answer 14

the ELIMINATION OF DRUGS from the BODY
- primary use of RENAL EXCRETION
- BILIARY EXCRETION
- BOWEL EXCRETION

Question 15

half-life

Answer 15

the time required for HALF (50%) of the medication to be removed from the body

Question 16

peak * trough

Answer 16

the LOWEST blood level of medication - trough
the HIGHEST blood level of medication - peak

Question 17

onset

Answer 17

the time required for the MEDICATION to cause THERAPEUTIC RESPONSE

Question 18

peak

Answer 18

the time required for the medication to reach its MAXIMUM therapeutic response

Question 19

duration

Answer 19

the LENGTH of time of drug concentration that is SUFFICIENT to cause THERAPEUTIC RESPONSE

Question 20

pharmacodynamics

Answer 20

the study of what the DRUG does to the BODY; the MECHANISM OF DRUG ACTIONS within the living body

Question 21

what are some ways the DRUG can affect the body?

Answer 21

• THERAPEUTIC EFFECT
• DRUG-RECEPTOR RELATIONSHIPS; drug + cell receptor
• ENZYMES; can either inhibit or enhance
• NONSELECTIVE INTERACTIONS

Question 22

pharmacogenetics/genomics

Answer 22

the study of how all GENES affect how a person responds to drugs

Question 23

pharmacotherapeutics

Answer 23

the CLINICAL USE OF DRUGS to prevent and treat diseases

Question 24

maintenance therapy

Answer 24

prevents the progression of the disease or condition

Question 25

supportive therapy

Answer 25

drug therapy that helps to MAINTAIN BODY FUNCTION during recovery ex. trauma, surgery, burn patients

Question 26

cumulative effects

Answer 26

considering HOW MUCH MEDICATION the patient is taking; want to avoid DRUG TOXICITY

Question 27

drug concentration

Answer 27

the AMOUNT OF DRUG in a given volume of plasma

Question 28

tolerance

Answer 28

the DECREASING RESPONSE to repeated drug doses

Question 29

dependence

Answer 29

the PHYSIOLOGIC or PSYCHOLOGICAL NEED for a drug

Question 30

physical dependence

Answer 30

the PHYSIOLOGIC NEED for a drug to AVOID PHYSICAL WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS

Question 31

psychological dependence

Answer 31

the ADDICTION and the OBSESSIVE DESIRE for the euphoric effects of a drug

Question 32

what are some DRUG INTERACTIONS?

Answer 32

- ADDITIVE EFFECTS 1 + 1 = 2 - SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS 1 + 1 > 2 - ANTAGONISTIC EFFECTS 1 + 1 < 2 - INCOMPATIBILITY meds are unsafe or potency of the other drug is reduced

Question 33

pharmacologic reaction

Answer 33

the EXTENSION of a drug's reaction

Question 34

idiosyncratic reaction

Answer 34

an UNEXPECTED REACTION; genetics can play a role

Question 35

teratogenic

Answer 35

medications passing through the BIRTH PLACENTA causing BIRTH DEFECTS to the baby

Question 36

mutagenic

Answer 36

exposing patients to possible changes in genetics or increasing vulnerability

Question 37

carcinogenic

Answer 37

cancer-causing medication

Question 38

pharmacognosy

Answer 38

the CHEMICAL, or PHYSICAL STUDIES of the sources of medications for medical or holistic treatment

Question 39

what are the FOUR MAIN SOURCES for DRUGS?

Answer 39

- PLANTS - ANIMALS - MINERALS - LABORATORY SYNTHESIS

Question 40

pharmacoeconomics

Answer 40

comparative examination of TOTAL COSTS of treatment with drugs

Question 41

toxicology

Answer 41

the SCIENCE of adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms **CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY - the care specifically for the poisoned patient

Question 42

what are our ENTERAL ROUTES of medication administration?

Answer 42

- ORAL ROUTE - SUBLINGUAL ROUTE - BUCCAL ROUTE - RECTAL/TOPICAL ROUTE

Question 43

what are our PARENTERAL ROUTES of MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION?

Answer 43

- INTRAVENOUS ** the fastest route for med admin - INTRAMUSCULAR - SUBQ - INTRADERMAL - INTRAARTERIAL - INTRATHECAL - INTRARTICULAR

Question 44

degree angles for each parenteral route

Answer 44

- IM; 90 degrees - SUBQ; 45 degrees - IV; 25 degrees - INTRADERMAL; 10-15 degrees

Question 45

where can we administer medication TOPICALLY? (7)

Answer 45

- SKIN - EYES - EARS - NOSE - LUNGS *inhalation - RECTUM - VAGINA