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The Cardiovascular System > Pharmacological Treatment of Cardiovascular Conditions > Flashcards

Pharmacological Treatment of Cardiovascular Conditions Flashcards

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1
Q

If controlling the rate in regular narrow complex tachycardia fails with IV adenosine, which drug class should be utilised?

A

Beta blockers

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2
Q

When would digoxin be considered first line for atrial fibrillation RATE control?

A

When atrial fibrillation is coexistent with heart failure

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3
Q

Lignocaine belongs to which class of antiarrhythmic drugs?

A

Class Ib

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4
Q

What is the third line treatment for hypertension?

A

ACE inhibitor + calcium channel blocker + thiazide diuretic

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5
Q

What are the treatments for Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?

A

Sotalol

or

Amiodarone

or

Flecainide

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6
Q

Diltiazem blocks which type of ion channel and whereis it located?

A

L-type calcium channel

Heart and vasculature

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7
Q

Digoxin blocks which membrane protein?

A

Na+/K+ ATPase

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8
Q

How does warfarin function?

A

Blocks gamma carboxylation of factors II, VII, IX and X

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9
Q

According to STEMI and NSTEMI guidlines, what treatment should all patients get regardless of the type of MI?

A
  • Morphine
  • Oxygen
  • Nitrates
  • Aspirin
  • Clopidogrel

MONA + C

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10
Q

When a patient has an irregular broad complex tachycardia which treatment is best?

A

IV magnesium sulphate

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11
Q

Which treatments may be considered if a patient’s chronic heart failure is poorly managed by second line treatments?

A

Digoxin

Potentially ivabradine if the symptoms are still severe

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12
Q

Name a class IC antiarrhythmic drug

A

Flecainide

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13
Q

When a patient has a regular broad complex tachycardia, which treatment should considered?

A

Amiodarone

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14
Q

When is digoxin strongly indicated for heart failure?

A

When heart failure coexists with atrial fibrillation

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15
Q

In atrial fibrillation which drug should be given to prevent clotting?

A

Warfarin

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16
Q

Name a thiazide diuretic

A

Bendroflumethiazide

or

Indapamide

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17
Q

If a person has Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome they can be treated with sotalol, but not when they have which co-existant condition?

A

Atrial fibrillation

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18
Q

Which loop diuretic may be used to treat fluid build-up from various causes?

A

Furosemide

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19
Q

What is the acute treatment for a supra-ventricular tachycardia in a patient with asthma?

A

Verapamil

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20
Q

When morphine is administered which anti-emetic is also given?

A

Metoclopramide

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21
Q

When treating the RHYTHM in atrial fibrillation which drugs may be used?

A
  • Amiodarone
  • Flecainide
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22
Q

When a patient who has both diabetes and hypertension, what is the first line treatment if they are from African or Caribbean origin?

A

ACE inhibitor and Calcium channel blocker

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23
Q

Which of the following drugs is an organic nitrate?

  • Isosorbide mononitrate
  • Digoxin
  • Milrinone
A

Isosorbide mononitrate

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24
Q

Which type of drug class does nicorandil belong?

A

Potassium channel agonist

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25
In poorly controlled hypertension, **_after_** third line treatment, what are the remaining options and indications for when each may be used?
* Spironolactone (aldosterone antagonist) - when K+ \<= 4.5mmol/l * Increased thiazide diuretic dose - when K+ \>= 4.5mmol/l * Alpha or beta blocker - when diuretics are not tolerated or ineffective
26
Name a renin inhibitor
Aliskiren
27
Ivabradine is an antagonist of which channel?
HCN | (for funny current)
28
What is the **_long term_** treatment for supra-ventricular tachycardia?
Beta blocker
29
What is the **_first line_** treatment for a caucasian patient \> 55 years old with hypertension?
Calcium channel blocker
30
What is rivaroxiban?
Factor Xa inhibitor
31
What is the **_second line_** treatment for anyone suffering from hypertension?
ACE inhibitor + calcium channel blocker
32
What is the treatment for bradycardia when there is a chance of asystole?
Atropine or Adrenaline
33
If a patient has Torsades de Pointes and suffers from polymorphic VT, what is the treatment?
Magnesium sulphate IV
34
Class IA, IB and IC antiarrhythmic drugs are all ________ channel blockers
Sodium
35
What is the **_first line_** treatment for a patient of African or Caribbean origin suffering from hypertension
Calcium channel blocker
36
When a patient has an **_irregular_** narrow complex tachycardia what is the required treatment?
Beta blocker or Digoxin (plus anticoagulant for both)
37
Which **_class_** of drug is digoxin?
Cardiac glyoside
38
When treating the **_RATE_** in atrial fibrillation which drug classes are used?
Beta blocker Calcium channel blocker
39
When a patient has a **_regular_** narrow complex tachycardia, what is the treatment?
Adenosine IV
40
Name a class 1a antiarrhythmic drug
Disopyramide
41
Amiodarone is an agonist of which channel?
Potassium channels
42
Which **_class_** of drug does atropine belong?
Non-selective muscarinic antagonist
43
Name an alpha I receptor antagonist
* Prazosin * Doxazosin
44
Which drug is both a calcium sensitiser and potassium channel agonist?
Levosimenden
45
What is the **_second line_** treatment for a patient with chronic heart failure?
Aldosterone antagonist or Angiontensin II receptor blocker or Hydralazine + nitrate
46
Amlodipine blocks **_which_** type of ion channel and **_where_** is it located?
L-type calcium channel Vasculature
47
GTN is used to treat which condition primarily?
Stable angina
48
Which rate-limiting drug is **_not_** used in VT?
Verapamil
49
Statins work by blocking which enzyme from functioning?
HMG-CoA reductase
50
Which of the following drugs is a ACE inhibitor? * Losartan * Lisinopril * Bosentan
Lisinopril
51
What is the difference between heparin and low molecular weight heparin?
Heparin - factor Xa inhibitor via antithrombin III Low molecular weight heparin - factor Xa inhibitor
52
What is the mode of action for aspirin?
Blocks COX-1 in platelets
53
Verapamil blocks **_which_** type of ion channel and **_where_** is it located?
L-type calcium channel Heart
54
What is the **_first line_** treatment for a patient with chronic heart failure?
ACE inhibitor and a beta blocker
55
What is the **_first line_** treatment for a caucasian person \< 55 years old with hypertension?
ACE inhibitor
56
Which **_class_** of drug is glycopyrronium bromide?
Non-selective muscarinic antagonist
57
Assuming a patient is being treated with an ACE inhibitor for hypertension, yet they are struggling to cope with a dry cough, what could their medication be changed to?
Angiotensin II receptor blocker
58
What is the **_acute_** treatment for a supra-ventricular tachycardia?
Adenosine IV
59
What are the drugs which can treat VT?
* Amiodarone * Lidocaine * Procainamide
60
Streptokinase is a drug utilised for which medical procedure?
Thrombolysis
61
Which drug is a direct thrombin inhibitor?
Dabigatran
62
Name a class 3 antiarrhythmic drug
Amiodarone

The Cardiovascular System (24 decks)

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