Pharmacology Flashcards
Aminoglycosides
Antibiotic
Examples: Gentamicin (otomax); Tobramycin (cat eye drops)
Risks: Can be ototoxic, if using injectable there is a risk of renal toxicity
Cephalosporins, 1st generation
Antibiotic
Uses: Cephalexin, cefazolin
Warnings: Do not use in pets allergic to penicillins
Cephalosporins; 2nd generation
Antibiotic
Cephalosporins, 3rd generation
Antibiotic
Uses: Cefpodoxime, Convenia
Warnings: Do not use in pets allergic to penicillins
Licosamides and Macrolides
Antibiotic
Uses: Clindamycin, Azithromycin, Tylosin
Caution: Clindamycin in rabbits, horses, hamsters
Penicillins
Antibiotic
Uses: Amoxicillin, Clavamox, betacillin, Penicillin, Ampicillin
Quinolones
Antibiotic “big gun”
Uses: Enrofloxacin, orbifloxacin, marbofloxacin
Warnings: Do not use in young large and giant breed dogs; caution with enrofloxacin in cats!!
Sulfonamides
Antibiotic
Uses: Trimethoprim-sulfa, Albon
Warnings: Can cause severe dry eye
Tetracyclines
Antibiotic
Uses: Doxycycline, Oxytetracycline, Tetracycline
Warnings: Caution with use in young/pregnant animals can cause damage to developing teeth
Miscellaneous antibiotics
Antibiotics
Names: Chloramphenacol- bone marrow suppression in people
Metronidizole- can cause seizures at high doses
Florfenicol-NuFlor, Claro
Antifungals
Used to treat yeast infections
Fluconazole, itraconozole, nystatin(entederm), ketoconazole (causes liver damge); terbinafine
NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory)
blocks a specific enzyme called cyclooxygenase (or COX) used by the body to make prostaglandins.
Used to help control pain (short term and long term)
Examples: Meloxicam, carprofen, Previcox, galiprant, flunixin (banamine)
Caution: Can cause liver and renal issues; give with food or can cause ulcerations
In small animal CANNOT combine with steroids
Opioids
attach to proteins called opioid receptors on nerve cells in the brain, spinal cord, gut, and other parts of the body
Used for sedation and pain control
Types: Butorphanol, Hydromorphone, buprenorphine
Side effects: Vomiting, panting, bradycardia
Local anesthetics
stop the nerves in a part of your body sending signals to your brain; blocks sodium channels
Used to treat pain locally
Examples: Lidocaine, Bupivicane
Caution: Neurotoxic in high doses,
Miscellaneous Pain medications
Gabapentin, tramadol, Amantadine
Glycosaminoglycans
Used for joint health
Examples: Glucosamine (cosequin, synovi g4)
Injectable induction agents
Blocks receptors in the brain to cause sedation
Used to induce anesthesia
Propofol- causes apnea
Ketamine (needs to be combined with something else, or too rigid)
Inhalents
augmenting signals to chloride channels (GABA receptors) and potassium channels while depressing neurotransmission pathways
Used to maintain anesthesia
Isoflurane, sevoflurane, Desflurane
Can cause vasodilation, dropping blood pressure