Pharmacology Flashcards
(218 cards)
1
Q
morphine overdose
A
naloxone
2
Q
antagonist (antídoto)for benzodiazepines
A
flumazenil
3
Q
Medication cause bony sequestrum
A
Aledronate,
4
Q
Below which level of absolute neutrophil
A
<500 no puedes hacer nada
5
Q
Cell Directly attacked by the virus
A
Cd4
6
Q
Bioavailability
A
It’s part of absorption, proportion that is successfully absorbed into systemic circulation
7
Q
Pharmacokinetics
A
Administración
Absorption
Distribution
Excretion
8
Q
Anestésico local afecta
A
Los canales de sodio
9
Q
Zero order kinetics
A
Alcohol, aspirinz phenytoin teofilina
10
Q
Potency
A
Strength of a drug at particular dosage
11
Q
Receptor in the ANS
A
Cholinergic, adrenergic
12
Q
Glándulas salivales tiene receptores
A
Parasimpatetica y simpática
13
Q
Adrenergic receptors
A
A1 smooth muscle contracción
A2 vasodilation
B1 heart
B2 smooth muscle pulmones
14
Q
Uso del Albuterol y acción
A
Broncodilatador
Emergency B2
15
Q
farmacos selectivos adrenergic receptor blockers
A
b1 metroprolol, atenolol
a1 prazosin, terzosinm doxazosin
16
Q
efecto adrenalina en presencia de a blocker
A
solo activa receptores B. siendo b 2 la mayor respuesta.
17
Q
used in dentistry to reverse soft rissue anesthesia more quickly after procedures involving a local anesthetic with vasocontrictor
A
phentolamine
18
Q
increase the vasocontrictor response to E but reduce the tachycardia resulting from E
A
B blockers
19
Q
inhabit the vasocontrictor response to E and levonordefrin
A
A bloquers
20
Q
encima que degrada acetilcolina
A
acetylcholinesterasa.
21
Q
Que hace el parasimpatico en glandulas la salivacion
A
estimula
22
Q
Como actúa colinergic agonist
A
mimic the effects of postganglinic cholinergic nerves
tx xerostomia.
miosis bradycardia,
23
Q
an antiretroviral drug used to treat HIV/AIDS
A
zidovudine
24
Q
Corticosteriods can cause
A
Corticosteriods can cause peptic ulcers
25
pilocarpine (pizzo)
agonsitsa M
estimula saliva o gotas de los ojos
26
useful drug to induce salivation is one which has properties that are
cholinergic
27
neostigmine
inhibiting acetylcholinesterase
28
antagonizing cholinesterase
neostigmine
29
predominant mode of radiaion induced death
apoptosis
30
low radiosensitivty
neurons muscle
31
high radiosensitivitytissue most uceptible to radiation
blood forming tissue
32
most radiosensitive
reproductive organs
33
relative to radiation biology, the latent period is that period between
exposure to radiation and the apperance of clinical syntoms
34
efecto estocastico
leucemia
35
antimuscarinicoreduce salivary flow
atropine
36
contraindication for using atropine
glaucoma, prostata hypertrophy, paralytic ileus
37
benzatropine
reduce parkinton disease
38
atropine and propantheline exert theri effects on perihereal structures by
competing with acerycholine for receptor sites
39
ganglionic blocking agent
mecamylamine
40
succinycholine
prevent laryngospasm and as a skeletal muscle relaxant during surgery
41
organophosphate insecticides and nerve gases inhibit the action of
acetylcholinesterase
cholingergic stimulation kill the bugs and me
42
indicated to trat pseudomonas infection
tiacarcillin
43
adverse effect of phenthiazine
xerostomia
44
Intrinsic activity
maximal effect of a drug
45
efficancy
effect of a drug as a function of level of binding to its receptor
46
the lower the K the____ the affinity
higher
47
The following effects result from what type of pharmacological agent:
Lower blood pressure Vasodilation
Orthostatic hypotension
alpha adrenergic receptor blocker
48
A drug that reduces the actions of the sympathetic nervous system is called a:
sympatholytic
49
adrenergic receptors are predominantly located on:
presynaptic nerve terminals
50
efecto colateral antipsychotics... haloperidol
tardive dyskinesia
51
inhibit seletive dopamine and serotonin receptor
antipsychotics
52
adverse motor effects of antypsychotic
dystonias
akathisia
parkinsionism
perioral tremor
malignat syndrome
53
antypsychotic drugs afectr
basil ganglie
54
inhibit reuptake NE and 5HT
antidepressant- tricyclic antidepressants
55
tx neuralgia trigemino.
sharp pain
carbamazepine
56
lithium toxicity sintoms
tyroid enargment, nausea, convulsions , polydipsia, polyuria
57
antagonist for benzodiazepines
flumazenil
58
mecanismo de accion de diazepam
agonista gaba
congtraindicada,
asthma, pregnanct, glaucoma y hepatic problems
59
triazolam
amnesia
60
antidoto opioide
naloxone
61
benefit of iv sedetantion
the ability to titrar dose (poder regular )
62
sensation before nitrous oxide sedation
tingling sensation
63
action of antipileptic drugs
inhibition of sodium channels, t ype calcium channels
64
parkinson disease tx
cabidopa l dopa
amantadine
65
medicamento para grand mal seizures
phenytoin
66
antibiotic interaccion diazepam
clarithromycin
67
reverse te pressor action of adrenaline
epinephrine reversal
effects alpha blocker
68
eccine sweat gland are primarly innervated by which nerve fibers
sympathetic cholinergic
69
tetraciclin with longest half life , prevent malaria and lym disease
doxycycline
70
bacteriostatic antibiotics
we are ECSTATC
erytomycin
clindamicin
sulfonamides
teraciclines
azitromycin
timetrhoprim
cholampehicol
71
bacteriocidal antibiotics
vancomycin
fluoroqunolones
penicilins
aminoglycosides
cephalosporins
metronidazole
me
van a
cep-arar
aMI
flor de
peni
72
amyl nitrite for a prolonged period of time may result in
methemoglobinemia
73
effective drug of choice for
an ACUTE ANGINA PECTORIS ATTACK
Nitroglycerin/Nitrostat (Amyl Nitrate
74
b bloqueadores no mezclar ..interaccion (propanolol)
asthma or COPD
albuterol
75
ace inhibitor
captopril
enalapril maleate
dysgeusia --lisinopril (altered taste sensation)
efectiviness of ace inhibitor is decreased ibuprofen
76
medical uses of ace
hypertension
77
ANAPHYLAXIS TX
AEIOU
Albuterol
epinephrine 0,3 mg 1:1000
IM antihistamine
oxygen
yoU CALL 911
78
AMIDES
LIDOCAINE
BUPIVACAINE
MEPIVACAINE
ARTICAINE
PRILOCAINE
LIVER
79
ESTERES
PROCAINE
COCAINE
TETRACAINE
BENZOCAINE
MORE TOXIC, MORE ALLERGIC
sintete plasma
80
Atropine is an anticholinergic agent used to reduce salivary flow. Common side effects of atropine include
BLURRED vision
81
example of anticholinergic
atropine
82
produce methemglobinemia
prilocaina
83
tx methgonemia
azul de metileno
84
not safe in children
bupivacaina
85
local anesthetic subject to inactivation by plsma esteres
procaine
86
anestesic accion prolongada
bupivaaina
87
increased the action of lidocaine
propanolol
88
has the longest half-life of the tetracycline group
Doxycycline
89
is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis. It binds to the 30S
Tetracycline
90
antibiotics is most commonly associated with aplastic anemia?
Chlorafenicol
91
Moa Rivaroxaban:
Factor Xa
92
Mumps:
Droplets
93
Action nitroglycerin:
Relaxes smooth muscle of vessels
94
Oral drug sedation for kids:
Midazolam
95
Check coagulation pt with hepatic problem
Vitamina K
96
Check coagulation pt with warfarin:
Inr
97
Max dose of acetaminophen
4g
98
Moa omeprazole
Proton pump
99
Pain killer pt alcoholic, was opioids addict and have liver problems
NSAID, no
acetaminophen as choice
100
Best drug for cardiac arrest, the first one:
Nitroglycerin
101
which drug group inhibit cyclo-oxygenase-2
NSAID
102
Appropriate inr for warfarin
2-3
103
.angular cheilitis, treatment for this pt
Ketoconazol
104
Antihistamínicos h1
Promethazine
105
Sulfonamides are similar
Para aminobenzoic acid paba
106
Candida,which drug could produce it
Corticosteroides
107
AUMENTA TOXICIDAD CON WARFARINA
phenibutazone (
108
antidoto del acetaminophen
n acetylcysteine
109
antipsicotico que receptores bloquean
dophamina, serotonina
110
efecto secundario y razon del diazepman
tromboflebitis.
compuesto Propylene glycol
111
Contraindication propanol
Asma
112
has the broadest spectrum of antibacterial activity?
• ticarcillin
113
Which of the following interacts adversely with amoxicillin?
methotrexate,
114
AIM ACUTE asthma attack
Albuterol
Pratropium
Methylprednisolone
115
Asmathic patients avoid
B blockers
NSAID
Ibuprofeno
116
Therapeutic doses of morphine administers intramusculary may produce
Constipación.
117
Tx xerostomia
Pilocarpine
118
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesist by hating of the following enzymes
Traspeptidase
O sea los ladrillos de la pared celular
119
Verrills sign
Droopy eyes
Halfway ptosis of the upper eyelid
Momento perfecto para trabajar
120
First kine drug ti be used to treat bradycardia
Atropine
121
Que es ketoacidosis
Exceso cuerpo cetonico por hiperglucemia
diabetes 1
Anticuerpos
122
Causas de hyperglicemia
4s
Estrés
Sepsis
Steroids
Skip insulin
123
A1c test normal
5.7
Prediabetes 6.5 or higher diabetes
124
mechanism f action insulin
reduces blood glucose by increasingits uptake and increasing conversion to glycgen and lipid
reduce lipolusos
increases protein synthesis and cell growth
125
insulina short acting lag
lispro
aspart
glulisine
LAG
126
principal mecanismo de sulfonilureas
hypoglicemia,
cierra canales de potasio en la membrana celular de las celulas beta
127
efectos adversos insulina
signo godet positivo
hypoglicemia
problemas gastrointestinales
128
sulfonylureas usos
diabetico tipo 2
129
metformina
mp kinasa usada por diabetes tipo 2
130
GLP 1 que regula
regula apetito y niveles azucar
disminuye glucagon
aumento insulina
los inhibidores de DPP4--- inhibes indirectamente la GLP1
131
increase GLP1 indirectly
used in type 2 diabetes
132
glucocorticoide mas potente
dexametasona
133
gluceneogenesis apartir de aminoacidosso de glucocorticosteroides
inflammatory disease
collagen diseases
cerebral edema
sclerosis multiple
rheumatic disease
asthma
134
efectos adversos glucocorticosteroides
(recuerda que actua en citoquina)
sss
sepsis
mucosal atrophy
muscle wasting
osteoporosis
sugar increased swollen
sight
135
methotrexate for
rheumatoid arthritis y causa thrombocytopenia
136
Blocks the release of a
neurotransmitter.
botulinum toxin
137
Inhibits an enzyme that metabolizes a neurotransmitter inside the nerve.
tarylcypromine
138
Stimulates the release of
a neurotransmitter from
the cytoplasmic pool.
amphetamine
139
What is the mechanism of the analgesic action of
aspirin?
inhibits COX
140
Which class of antihypertensive drug most effectively
reduces the release of renin from the kidney?
b adrenergic receptor bloquer
141
The administration of ______ results in “epinephrine reversal” (decrease in blood pressure from epinephrine) if given before administration of epinephrine.
phentolamine
142
Oral antacids are most likely to reduce the absorption
of which of the following drugs when given orally?
tetracycline
143
Inhibition of which enzyme is most
responsible for the cell wall synthesis inhibitory effect of penicillin G?
transpeptidase
144
What events would occur after a submucosal injection
of phentolamine in the oral cavity
1 Blockade of α-adrenergic receptors
2 Blockade of the vasoconstrictor effect of norepinephrine
released from neurons
3 Antagonism of the vasoconstrictor effect of a
subsequent injection of epinephrine in the same
area of the oral cavity during the same dental
appointment
145
Lisinopril inhibits
ACE
146
drugs that antagonize the effect of pilocarpine
on salivary flow rate.
OXYBUTYN
BENZOTROPINE
TOLTERODINE
147
Nerve injury tx:
medal Dosepak sterid
148
Epinephrine is contraindicated with:
Hyperthyroidism
149
bifosfonates acts in
osteoclast
150
ranitidine is a
selective H2
151
What is lithium used for?
Psychotic stage of bipolar
152
Problem in liver which benzo to give - LOT-
LOT- lorazepam, oxazepam n temazepam
153
Mech of action of nystatin
inhibit ergosterol
154
Which drug increase the effect of amoxicillin
Probenecid
155
IV bisphosphonates needs ext:
RCT then coronotomy and s
156
tx anxiety
resporatory alkalosis
157
staphylo aureus
cavernous sinos thrombosis
158
What make penicillin allergic
Beta lactame ring
159
Overdose cocaine
mydriasis
160
Mg ...sedation IV midazolam
2mg
161
sedation iv diazepam
10 mg
162
most common cause of fever within 24 hr of general anesthesia
atelectasis
pneumotosis
163
Epi reversal?
Phentolamine
164
medication for alchoholic
OXYCODONE
165
Adverse effect of codiene.
Miosis, nausea
166
Antibiotic for sinusitis
Augmentin
167
recuerda...
Narcotic analgesics DO NOT cause peptic ulcers or insomnia.
c:
168
used as an analgesic in a patient exhibiting an opioid dependence?
methadone
169
albuterol MOA
B2 antagonist ( broncodilatador )
170
test HBV
HBsAg
171
opioid is agonist and antagonist
busperiphine
172
Cycloplegia, or paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye, can be caused by
muscarinic receptor antagonis
homatropine bromide.
173
antibiotics is most commonly associated with aplastic anemia?
Chloramphenicol
174
Which class of antihypertensive drugs inhibits the release of renin from the kidney?
β-adrenergic receptor blockers
175
Cardiac glycosides are known to decrease the concentration of
Potassium (K+)
176
barbiturates has the highest lipid solubility, allowing for rapid onset of its neurological effects?
Thiopental
177
categories contains the substances ephedrine, tyramine, and amphetamine?
Indirect sympathomimetics
178
For a pediatric patient being treated for seizures, discontinuing use of which drugs may induce spontaneous gingival hemorrhage or acute stomatitis?
Valproic acid
179
Neuromuscular blockade of the phrenic nerve can be caused by extremely high doses of
streptomycin
180
tetracycline class drugs should only be taken once daily due to its long half-life?
doxycycline
181
Ototoxicity is a serious side effect seen with
gentamycin
182
most often associated with increased sensitivity of the skin to the sun’s rays?
demeclocyclin
183
substance alters the cell membrane permeability and nueromuscular junction once the threshold stimulus has been achieved?
acetylcholine
184
β-adrenergic agent that produces the greatest bronchodilation effect?
Isoproterenol
185
Eccrine sweat glands are primarily innervated by which nerve fibers?
sympathetic-cholinergic
186
physiologic effects can occur after the administration of a cholinomimetic drug?
Increased salivation
187
taking iboprogen (advil) during the third trimester is associated with increased risk of
premature ductual closure
188
make scooped out
digoxin
189
Opioid type of receptor
Mu receptor
190
Systemic fungal
fluconazole
191
Used in the treatment of peptic ulcers, esophageal reflux, and gastritis.
H2 bloquers
192
The therapeutic index of a drug is determined by using what formula?
LD50/ED50
The therapeutic index is the lethal dose of a drug for 50% of the population divided by the effective dose of a drug for 50% of the population. It is a comparison of the amount of an agent that causes a therapeutic effect to the amount that causes toxic effects.
193
describes the mechanism of action of carbamazepine
Blocks high-frequency Na+ spikes
194
What is the mechanism of action of sertraline (Zoloft®)?
It blocks the reuptake of serotonin
195
Tylenol kids
10/15 mg kg
196
Allergic to ester and amida
Benadrill
197
Overdose of LA
Diazepam
198
Mechanism of action of Nystatin
Inhibit erogesterol
199
Max efect of amoxicillin
Probenecid
200
Drug not with milk
Tetraciclina
201
Overdose of organophosphate
Pralidoxime
202
Action heparin
Formation fibrin BB
203
Only opioid transmucosa
Fentanyl
204
Overdose of morphine
Naloxone
205
Albuterol side effect
Anxiety
206
Ledronate use in
Pagets, osteoporosis
207
thiopental (barbituates)
penetrate the blood brain barrier
208
tx bradycardia
atropine
209
tx for anug
penicilin v metronida
210
sarcoidosis similar to
granulomatus
211
aspirin
arb inhibitors
212
Metoprolol is a
cardioselective β1-adrenergic receptor blocker that competitively inhibits β1 receptors specific to cardiac cells.
Metoprolol is often used to treat hypertension, angina, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and atrial fibrillation/flutter.
213
Metformin (Glucophage®) how works
Inhibit gluconeogenesis in the liver
214
What is the mechanism of action of argatroban?
Direct thrombin Inhibitor
215
What is the mechanism of action of Captopril?
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor
ace
216
possible side effect of antirheumatic drug
infection
217
What is the general mechanism of action of benzodiazepines?
They act at GABA receptors and hyperpolarize the neuron
218
moa dexamethasone
agonist on glucocorticoid receptors
