Pharmacology Flashcards
(87 cards)
1
Q
The mechanisms of action for macrolides within the insect or parasite is primarily through stimulation of a receptor site for what neurotransmitter?
A
Glutamate
2
Q
Revolution
A
Selamectin
3
Q
Panacur
A
fenbendazole
4
Q
Immiticide
A
Melarsomine
5
Q
Pro-heart 6
A
moxidectin
6
Q
albon
A
sulfadimethoxine
7
Q
2-PAM
A
pralidoxime
8
Q
Nexgard
A
afoxolaner
9
Q
Drontel plus
A
Febantel
10
Q
Interceptor
A
Milbemycin
11
Q
Interceptor
A
Milbemycin
12
Q
compounds used to treat protozoa
A
antiprotozoal
13
Q
compounds used to treat roundworms
A
antinematodals
14
Q
compounds used to treat infections of tapeworms
A
anticestodal
15
Q
compounds used to treat flukes
A
antitrematodals
16
Q
compounds used to treat various types of helminths
A
antihelminths
17
Q
Which natural drug is derived from chrystanthemum flowers?
A
pyrethrins
18
Q
Which drug is approved in horses to eliminate the protozoa that causes EPM?
A
ponazuril
19
Q
What disease can be produced from overusing glucocorticoid steroids
A
hyperadrenocorticism
20
Q
What species has fewer glucocorticoid receptors>
A
Cats
21
Q
The function of natural glucocorticoid hormones in the body are which of the following
A
increases blood glucose
after the insulin receptors on the peripheal tissue cause catabolism of the proteins to their amino acids constituents
22
Q
The body sytem in which we most commonly see side effects from NSAID use is?
A
GI system
23
Q
The body sytem in which we most commonly see side effects from NSAID use is?
A
GI system
23
Q
The body sytem in which we most commonly see side effects from NSAID use is?
A
GI system
24
Which two type of corticosteroids are produced by the adrenal cortex
minerlocorticoids and glucocorticosteroids
25
In regards to the ideal paraciticide list three of the fiver characteristics that need to be considered?
price, effectivnes and resistance
26
In regards to the ideal paraciticide list three of the fiver characteristics that need to be considered?
price, effectivnes and resistance
27
What considerations need to be kept in mind if patient is receiving both quinolone and oral antacids or sucralfate? How can we modify administration to decrease this affect?
Give four hours apart and always use to reduce absorption of quinolones
28
Quinolones can adversely affect developing joint cartilage in what type of animal?
young dogs going through rapid growth
29
Penicillin G
natural
30
ampicillicin
broad spectrum
31
piperacillin
extended-spectrum
32
cloxacillin
penicillinase-restistant
33
cloxacillin
penicillinase-restistant
34
cloxacillin
penicillinase-restistant
34
cloxacillin
penicillinase-restistant
34
cloxacillin
penicillinase-restistant
35
Most penicillans are excreted intact without being metabolized by which organ?
kidneys
36
What does the addition of procaine or benzathine to penicillin do?
extends the activity of the drug
37
What is true regarding culture and sensitivity
results in the isolation and growth of bacterial strains from infections sites
aids in determining how much drug it would take to kill or inhibit the bacteria
determines which antimicrobials the bacterial strain would be sensitive too
38
Which of the following opiods are considered full U agonists that blocks the NMDA receptor, that also is least likely to produce vomiting and releases little to no histamine?
methadone
39
Effects experienced due to U receptors
decreased GI secretions and movments
pupillary changes
respiratory depression
40
Select all the following facts about the use of propofol
provides affective sedation
produces systemic hypotension
Cats can develop heinz body enemia
41
Which drug would be used to increase respiratory rate and depth of ventilation by acting on the medulla of the brainstem?
doxapram
42
What type of reproductive drug is used in cattle to lyse persistant ovarian follicles or follicular cysts through stimulation of LH release?
Gonadorelins
43
In regards to the canine type 1 _____diabetis mellulitis is the most common type and is the destruction or lack of functional pancreatitis beta cells which result in decreased insulin.
insulin-dependent
44
Type 2 _____diabetes mellulitis is due to the decreased effectiveness of insulin despite capable pancreatic beta cells.
noninsulin-dependent
45
Which of the following identifies the type of hypothyroidism that results in lower T3 and T4 hormones with the source of the problem regarding the organ itself?
primary hypothyroidism
46
Which is true about estrogen?
treat urinary incontinence
DES is example of a compound
can suppress blood cell production by bone marrow leading to aplastic anemia
47
a hormone that is involved in the growth maturation and release of oocytes from the ovaries
estrogen
48
produced by the corpus luteum that causes the lining of the uterus to thicken and secrete fluid aid implantation
progesterone
49
lyses the mature ovarian follicles releases the ova and transforms the ruptured follicle into a corpus luteum
lutenizing hormone
50
causes the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary
gonadotropin releasing hormone
51
stimulates the ovaries to produce follicles containing egg cells
follicle stimulating hormone
52
produced by follicular tissues and serves as a negative feedback mechanism to decrease the release of GnRH and FSH
Inhibin
53
What is serotonin syndrome and what are signs in patients experiencing it?
Serotonin toxicity
| signs are hypertension(high blood pressure) tremors, seizures, altered mental status, hyperthermia
54
List four treatment options for hyperthyroidism
surgical removal of tumor
injectin or radiation
diet
medication to control hormones
55
Drugs used to control seizure activity are known as
anticonvulsants
56
What type of anticonvulsant should not be used in cats because it can cause a type of respiratory syndrome that can resemble asthma
bromides
57
increased appetite
polyphagic
58
polydipsic
increased drinking
59
polyuric
increases urination
60
A______acting antitussive reduces coughing by suppressing the cough center neurons on the brainstem
centrally
61
____ acting antitussives reduces coughing by directly soothing the irritated respiratory mucosa initiating the cough
locally
62
What are the four types of diarrheas and examples?
secretory: enterotoxins
exudative: parvo
motility: large bowel movements
osmotic: EPI
63
In food animal medicine how are antimicrobials selected for respiratory problems?
```
based on current disease
progression
age
time of yr
history
```
63
In food animal medicine how are antimicrobials selected for respiratory problems?
```
based on current disease
progression
age
time of yr
history
```
64
Which type of receptor is primarily blocked by maropitant(cerenia)
NK-1 nuerokinin-1
65
what are the actions of the vomiting center?
produces nausea
causes abdominal pain and stomach contractions
causes vomiting
66
Apomorphine is less effective as an antiemetic in cats due to cats having fewer dopamine receptors (T/F)
True
67
Which animals are incapable of vomiting
horses and rabbits
68
Circular contractions around a small segment of intestines
segmental contractions
69
contractions that are more in waves to propel food along tract
peristaltic contractions
70
What is the PH of the stomach
2-3
71
Inflammation of the stomach
gastritis
72
Must be absorbed circulating in the blood (example)
systemic (famotadine)
73
chemically neutralizes (example)
nonsystemic (tums)
74
Where does the right side of the heart pump blood?
To lungs and back to heart
75
Where does left side of heart pump to?
the body
76
Veins carry blood
to the heart
77
Arteries carry blood
away from the heart
78
Mimic effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine
adrenergenic agonists
79
able to bond to receptors but have no instinsic activity
adrenergenic antagonists
80
the science of how drugs effect the body
pharmacology
81
how drugs effect the body
pharmokinetics
82
the study of drugs and their actions
pharmadynamics
83
Different routes of administration
SQ, IM, IV, IA, PO, ID
