Pharmacology Flashcards
give examples of mydriatics (dilate pupil)
- tropicamide
- cyclopentolate
- atropine
give example of miotics (constrict pupil)
pilocarpine
why does Chloramphenicol penetrate the cornea easily
it has both lipophilic and hydrophilic properties
what is bimatoprost 0.03% used for
a prostaglandin analogue used to lower IOP in glaucoma
when could topical steroids be used in eyes
- post op cataracts
- uveitis
- to prevent corneal graft rejection
local side effects of steroids (eye)
- cataract
- glaucoma
- exacerbation of viral infection
systemic side effects of steroids
- gastric ulceration
- immunosuppression
- osteoporosis
- weight gain
- diabetes
- neuropsychiatric effects
- more
glaucoma medication
- prostanoids e.g. Latanoprost
- beta blockers
- carbonic anhydrase inhibitors - topical or systemic
- alpha2 adrenergic agonist
- parasympathomimetic - pilocarpine
- combination
give a pro for intravitreal administration
delivers effective concentration of drug at target site instantly
give a con for intravitreal administration
many drugs are toxic to retina
when is intravitreal administration used
- antibiotics in endophthalmitis
- intra-ocular steroids
- anti-VEGF
what is local anaesthetic used for in the eye
- foreign body removal
- tonometry (IOP measurement)
- corneal scraping
- comfort
- cataract surgery
what is the most commonly used diagnostic dye
fluorescein
uses for diagnostic dyes
- shows corneal abrasion
- dendritic ulcer
- identify leaks
- tonometry
- diagnosing nasolacrimal duct obstruction
- angiography
how do mydriatics cause pupil dilation?
by blocking parasympathetic supply to iris
