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Ophthalmology > Yearclub revision session > Flashcards

Yearclub revision session Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

what is orbicularis oculi innervated by

A

facial nerve

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2
Q

does blowout fracture affect the orbital rim

A

no

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3
Q

where does levator palpebrae superioris originate from

A

sphenoid bone

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4
Q

fibrous layer of eye

A

sclera and cornea

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5
Q

vascular layer of eye

A

uvea:
- iris
- ciliary body
- choroid

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6
Q

name 3 layers of retina

A
  • photoreceptors
  • ganglion cells
  • axons of ganglion cells
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7
Q

how are nutrients given to lens and cornea

A

aqueous humour

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8
Q

where is the greatest density of cones in the eye

A

macula

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9
Q

what is the fovea

A

1.5mm diameter depression at centre of the macula

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10
Q

what is the area of the most acute vision in the eye

A

fovea

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11
Q

which photoreceptor is activated by light

A

rods

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12
Q

which photoreceptor is high convergence

A

rods

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13
Q

corneal reflex afferent and efferent

A

CN V1
CN VII

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14
Q

wide eye opening of eye reflex

A

sympathetic innervation of superior tarsal muscle

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15
Q

pupillary light reflex afferent and efferent

A

CN II
CN III

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16
Q

CN III palsy, what direction does eye look

A

down and out

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17
Q

why dilated pupil in CN III palsy

A

parasympathetic innervation to sphincter pupillae not working

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18
Q

is vision affected in conjunctivitis

A

no

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19
Q

is keratitis most commonly viral, bacterial, or fungal

A

viral

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20
Q

do you get reduced visual acuity in keratitis

A

yes - because cornea is affected and that’s where the light comes in

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21
Q

can you get hypopyon in keratitis

A

yes

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22
Q

bacterial keratitis management

A

admitted for hourly antibiotic drops - ofloxacin

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23
Q

what is synechiae

A

small irregular pupil

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24
Q

anterior uveitis management

A

topical steroids

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25
what is blepharitis
inflammation of eyelid margins
26
cause of blepharitis
dysfunction of the meibomian glands
27
is episcleritis associated with underlying autoimmune aetiology
yes
28
injected vessels are mobile are mobile when gentle pressure is applied
episcleritis
29
scleritis onset
acute, severe pain
30
scleritis management
refer
31
what eye condition often develops from underlying infection in the ethmoid sinus.
orbital cellulitis
32
orbital cellulitis presentation
- painful eye movements - proptosis - abnormal pupil reactions - more lol
33
orbital cellulitis management
IV broad spectrum antibiotics in hospital
34
cause of most cataracts
ageing
35
complication of cataract surgery
endophthalmitis
36
is wet age related macular degeneration gradual or sudden vision loss
sudden
37
main risk factor for age related macular degeneration
smoking
38
which eye condition might you see distortion of lines
age related macular degeneration
39
which type of ARMD is characterised by choroid neovascularisation
wet
40
wet ARMD often progresses to bilateral, true or false
true
41
wet ARMD treatment
anti-VEGF agents
42
types of diabetic retinopathy
- mild non-proliferative - moderate non-proliferative - proliferative - diabetic maculopathy (kinda a different thing?)
43
difference between non-proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy
neovascularisation
44
proliferative diabetic retinopathy management
- laser - anti-VEGF agents
45
is diabetic maculopathy more common in type 1 or 2 diabetes
2
46
diabetic maculopathy treatment
anti-VEGF ?
47
"halos around lights"
glaucoma
48
when do you start treatment in open angle glaucoma
when IOP >= 24mmHg
49
open angle glaucoma management if drops don't work
trabeculectomy
50
"starbursts" around light
cataract
51
closed angle glaucoma main symptom
SEVERELY PAINFUL RED EYE
52
Initial management of closed angle glaucoma
pilocarpine drops
53
definitive management of close angle glaucoma
some surgery - Laser peripheral iridotomy i think
54
does central retinal vein occlusion cause pain
no
55
central retinal vein occlusion management
- treat macular oedema - anti-VEGF - neovascularisation treatment - laser
56
commonest cause of central retinal artery occlusion
atherosclerosis
57
giant cell arteritis is a cause of central retinal artery occlusion, true or false
true
58
will central retinal artery occlusion cause RAPD
yes
59
"cherry red spot"
central retinal artery occlusion
60
is posterior vitreous detachment common in older people
yep super common
61
is posterior vitreous detachment more common in short or longsighted people
short-sighted (myopia)
62
is retinal detachment an emergency
yep
63
retinal detachment risk factors
- diabetes ! - myopia - age - previous cataract surgery - trauma
64
does retinal detachment cause pain
no
65
"like a shadow/curtain coming across"
retinal detachment
66
does vitreous haemorrhage clear up itself
yes if it's mild. in more severe cases, vitrectomy surgery may be required
67
are flashes/floaters seen in posterior vitreous detachment
yep
68
optic neuritis associated with
Multiple sclerosis VIth nerve palsy
69
"shake hand and won't let go" "snowflake/"christmas tree"
myotonic dystrophy
70
"Lisch nodules" "optic glioma"
neurofibromatosis type 1
71
do you get lid retraction in graves disease
yes

Ophthalmology (7 decks)

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