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Endocrine > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Example of a biguanide

A

Metformin

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2
Q

Metformin - weight effects

A

Weight neutral

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3
Q

Does Metformin cause hypos?

A

No hypos

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4
Q

Side effects of Metformin

A

Lactic acidosis, GI disturbance

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5
Q

Example of a SU

A

Glipizide, Glibenclamide

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6
Q

Mechanism of action of SU

A

Blocks KATP channel = depol = Ca entry = insulin release

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7
Q

Does SU cause hypos?

A

Yes

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8
Q

SU - weight effects

A

Weight gain

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9
Q

Side effects of SU

A

GI upset, cardio problems

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10
Q

Example of a TZD

A

Pioglitazone

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11
Q

Mechanism of action of TZD

A

Binds PPARgamma = binds DNA = transcription of insulin genes = increased insulin sensitivity

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12
Q

Can TZDs cause hypos?

A

No

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13
Q

TZD - weight effect

A

Weight gain (Na retention)

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14
Q

Side effects of TZD

A

Worsens heart failure, liver problems, osteoporotic fractures, bladder cancer

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15
Q

Example of a-glucosidase inhibitor

A

Acarbose

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16
Q

Mechanism of action of acarbose

A

Delays carbs absorption (a-glucosidase is a brush border enzyme) = decreased postprandial glucose

17
Q

Does acarbose cause hypos?

A

No

18
Q

Acarbose - weight effects

A

Weight neutral

19
Q

Side effects of acarbose

A

Flatulence, diarrhoea, abdominal pain

20
Q

Example of DPP4 inhibitor

A

Sitagliptin, Linagliptin

21
Q

Mechanism of action of DPP4 inhibitor

A

Block DPP4 = upregulates GLP-1 and GIP = insulin release

22
Q

Do DPP4 inhibitors cause hypos?

A

No

23
Q

DPP4 - weight effects

A

Weight neutral

24
Q

Side effects of DPP4

A

Pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, worsens HF

25
Q

Incretin/GLP-1 mimetic examples

A

Exenatide

26
Q

Mechanism of action of exenatide

A

Mimics GLP-1 = insulin release, decrease glucagon release, slows gastric emptying

27
Q

Can exenatide cause hypos?

A

Yes

28
Q

Exenatide - weight effects

A

Weight loss

29
Q

Side effects of exenatide

A

Pancreatitis, nausea

30
Q

Example of SGLT2 inhibitor

A

Dapagliflozin

31
Q

Mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitor

A

Binds SGLT2 in PCT = glucose in urine

32
Q

SGLT2 inhibitor side effects

A

Thrush, UTI

33
Q

ATP binds to what subunit?

A

Kir6.2 = closes K channel

34
Q

SU binds to what subunit?

A

SUR1 = opens K channel

35
Q

What binds SUR1 subunit?

A

SU and ADP/Mg

36
Q

What do GLP-1 and GIP do?

A

Released after eating, enhance insulin release, decrease glucagon release

37
Q

Hypos in SGLT2 inhibitors?

A

No

38
Q

SGLT2 inhibitor - weight effect

A

weight loss

Endocrine (13 decks)

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