Pharmacology Flashcards
What is this drug, its mechanism and indications, frusemide
Loop diuretic. Inhibits sodium, chloride and potassium uptake in the ascending loop. Indicated in oedema and hypertension. Contraindicated in severe renal impairment.
What is this drug, its mechanism and indications, spirinalactone
Aldosterone antagonist acting in the DCT/collecting duct on aldosterone dependent sodium-potassium channels. Potassium sparing. Indicated in oedema, hypertension, CHF, malignant HT, hyperaldosteronism, hypokalaemia. Contra: AKI, hyperkalaemia, pregnancy.
What is this drug, its mechanism and indications, warfarin
Anticoagulant. Vitamin K antagonist effecting factors II, VII, IX and X as well as proteins C and S. Indicated in AF, PE, DVT. Doesn’t take effect for 72-96 hours, so additional anticoagulation is needed for this time.
Contra: any risk of bleeding.
What is this drug, its mechanism and indications, spireva (tiotropium bromide)
Long acting anticholinergic, acting on muscarinic receptors.
In the airways its action on M3 receptors causes smooth muscle relaxation.
Indicated in COPD to prevent exacerbations and asthma for those using corticosteroids.
What is this drug, its mechanism and indications, prednisalone
A glucocorticoid which can inhibit leucocyte infiltration in inflammation, inteferes with inflammatory mediators and supress humoral response. Reverses cap permiability. Reduces volume and activity of lymphatics.
Action via phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins (lipocortins).
What is this drug, its mechanism and indications, amiodarone
Class 3 antiarrythmic.
Inhibits alpha and beta adrenergic stimulation, inhibits NA, K, and Ca channels, prolongs action potential and refractory periods, decreases AV conduction and SA node function.
Ind: VF, VT AF with CHF to control rate.
What is this drug, its mechanism and indications, metronidazole
Antibiotic which diffuses into the organism and causes loss of helical DNA structure, inhibitying protein synthesis.
Ind: amebiasis and anaerobic bacterial infections (C. Diff, H. Pylori, Giardia)
What is this drug, its mechanism and indications, vancomycin
Glycopeptide antiobiotic which inhibits cell wall synthesis by blocking glycopeptide polymerization by binding to cell wall precursor.
Ind: C diff (oral route). Staphlococcal infections
What is this drug, its mechanism and indications, rivaroxaban
Anticoagulant which selectively and reversibly inhibits factor Xa via intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, inhibiting thrombin which inhibits platelet activation, and conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.
Ind: DVT, AF, PE
What is this drug, its mechanism and indications, enoxaparin (clexane)
Low molecular weight heparin. Binds to antithrombin III, inhibits factor Xa and thrombin. Used for prevention of clots in bedridden patients, in haemodialysis, treatment of DVT, and with aspirin in MI’s.
What is this drug, its mechanism and indications, ceftriaxone
Cephlasporin antibiotic which inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin binding proteins, which inhibit final transpedidation of peptidoglycan synthesis, arresting cell wall assembly.
Strep. Psneumonia, staph. Aureus, E. coli, H. influenzae, gonorrhea.
