psych terms from PT's Flashcards
define autonomy
principle of self-rule and or self-determination
in cognitive screening how is attention tested
serial 7’s or spelling world backwards
in cognitive screening how is memory tested
repeating three words previously mentioned
in cognitive screening how is language tested
naming tasks (pencil, watch), repeat “no ifs ands of buts”, three stage commands
describe conversion disorder
one or more symptoms or altered voluntary motor or sensory function, not better explained by a medicial disorder, which causes significant distress. Can be identified when signs are inconsistent if tested differently.
describe body dysmorphia
Individuals with body dysmorphic disorder are excessively
concerned about a perceived defect in their physical features but do not complain of
symptoms of sensory or motor functioning in the affected body part
what is the criteria for major depression
depressed for most of the day, every day with reduced pleasure in almost all daily activities, + significant weight loss, sleep disturbance, fatigue, and psychomotor agitation or retardation. Reduced concentration and recurrent thoughts of death.
what is projection
A process where a person defends themselves against their own unconscious thoughts/impulses/qualities by denying their existence in themselves but attributing them to others.
what is dissociation
A disruption in consciousness, identity, memory, physical actions or environment whereby a person detaches themselves.
define dessensitisation
A process whereby a person is repeatedly exposed to a fearful stimulus in order to reduce the level of response normally exhibited.
what is classical conditioning
think Pavlov and his dogs. Relies on an association between stimulus and response; involuntary response.
what is habituation
A learning process where there is a decrease in a response to a stimulus having been repeatedly exposed to it.
what is operant conditioning
Operant conditioning is reliant on reinforcement and voluntary behaviour. The stimulus occurs after the behaviour.
what is social learning
behaviours which are learnt by observing others
how would attention deficit disorder present
A child which finds it hard to sit still, has trouble concentrating, interupts others and acts impulsively. These behaviours are uncontrollable and persistent.
how would tourettes present
Multiple motor tics and one or more verbal tics, presenting many times a day for at least a year.
what is proportionality
Proportionalityis the motive for rewards and punishments to be proportionate to merit, benefits to be calibrated to contributions, and judgments to be based on a utilitarian calculus of costs and benefits.
what is confabulation
confabulation is a memory disturbance where a person confuses imagined scenarios with actual memories. Often linked to dementia, brain damage or Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (thiamine def due to alcohol).
define delusional disorder
the precence of one or more delusions for 1 month or longer where functioning isn’t markedly impaired, and mania or depression if having occurred are only brief. May be erotomanic, grandiose, jealous, presecutory or somatic.
define schizoaffective disorder
delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized behaviour and negative symptoms (as per schizophrenia) for > 2 weeks, where a major mood episode is also present.
how does a hallucination differ from a delusion and illusion
hallucination: false sensory perception without an external stimulus. Illusion: misperception of a real external stimulus. Delusion: a fixed false belief inconsistent with religion or culture.
define delirium and what is required to make a diagnosis
an acute confusional state, of fluctuating course, where inattention, disorganised thinking, altered consciousness, global cognitive effects, illusions or delusions, altered sleep wake cycle plus either hyper or hypo psychomotor disturbances.
