USMLE conditions common treatment(s)

Question 1

Treatment for Absence seizures

Answer 1

Ethosuximide

Question 2

Treatment for Acute gout attack

Answer 2

NSAIDs, colchicine, glucocorticoids

Question 3

Treatment for After an acute gout attack

Answer 3

Allopurinol

Question 4

Treatment for Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)

Answer 4

All-trans retinoic acidAll-trans retinoic acidAll-trans retinoic acidAll-trans retinoic acidAll-trans retinoic acidAll-trans retinoic acid

Question 5

Treatment for ADHD

Answer 5

Methylphenidate, CBT, atomoxetine, guanfacine, clonidine

Question 6

Treatment for Alcoholism

Answer 6

Disulfiram, acamprosate, naltrexone, supportive care

Question 7

Treatment for Alcohol withdrawal

Answer 7

Long-acting benzodiazepines

Question 8

Treatment for Anorexia

Answer 8

Nutrition, psychotherapy, mirtazapine

Question 9

Treatment for Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue

Answer 9

Class IB antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine)

Question 10

Treatment for Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Answer 10

a1-antagonists, 5a-reductase inhibitors, PDE-5 inhibitors

Question 11

Treatment for Bipolar disorder

Answer 11

Mood stabilizers (e.g. lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine, atypical antipsychotics)

Question 12

Treatment for Buerger’s disease

Answer 12

Smoking cessation

Question 13

Treatment for Bulimia nervosa

Answer 13

SSRIs

Question 14

Treatment for Candida albicans

Answer 14

Topical azoles (vaginitis); nystatin, fluconazole, caspofungin (oral/esophageal); fluconazole, caspofungin, amphotericin B (systemic)

Question 15

Treatment for Carcinoid syndrome

Answer 15

Octreotide

Question 16

Treatment for Chlamydia trachomatis

Answer 16

Doxycycline (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection), erythromycin eye drops (prophylaxis in infants)

Question 17

Treatment for Chronic gout

Answer 17

Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (e.g. allopurinol, febuxostat); pegloticase, probenecid

Question 18

Treatment for Chronic Hep B or C

Answer 18

IFNa (HBV and HCV); ribavirin, simeprevir, sofosbuvir (HCV)

Question 19

Treatment for Chronic myelogenous leukemia

Answer 19

Imatinib

Question 20

Treatment for Clostridium botulinum; Clostridium tetani

Answer 20

Antitoxin

Question 21

Treatment for Clostridium difficile

Answer 21

Oral metronidazole; if refractory, oral vancomycin

Question 22

Treatment for CMV

Answer 22

Ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir

Question 23

Treatment for Crohn’s disease

Answer 23

Corticosteroids, infliximab, azathioprine

Question 24

Treatment for Cryptococcus neoformans

Answer 24

Fluconazole (in AIDS patients)

Question 25

Treatment for Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis

Answer 25

Mesna

Question 26

Treatment for Depression

Answer 26

SSRIs (first line)

Question 27

Treatment for Diabetes insipidus

Answer 27

Desmopressin (central); hydrochlorothiazide; indomethacin; amiloride (nephrogenic)

Question 28

Treatment for Diabetes mellitus type I

Answer 28

Dietary intervention (low carbs) + insulin replacement

Question 29

Treatment for Diabetes mellitus type II

Answer 29

Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin (if refractory)

Question 30

Treatment for Diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 30

Fluids, insulin, K+

Question 31

Treatment for Anticoagulation during pregnancy?

Answer 31

Heparin

Question 32

Treatment for Enterococci

Answer 32

Vancomycin, aminopenicillins/cephalosporins

Question 33

Treatment for Erectile dysfunction

Answer 33

Sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil

Question 34

Treatment for ER+ breast cancer

Answer 34

Tamoxifen

Question 35

Treatment for HER2/neu+ breast cancer

Answer 35

Trastuzumab

Question 36

Treatment for Post-menopausal breast cancer

Answer 36

Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)

Question 37

Treatment for Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication

Answer 37

Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)

Question 38

Treatment for Haemophilus influenzae (B)

Answer 38

Rifampin (prophylaxis)

Question 39

Treatment for Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 39

SSRIs, SNRIs (first line), buspirone (second line)

Question 40

Treatment for Granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegener)

Answer 40

Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids

Question 41

Treatment for Heparin reversal

Answer 41

Protamin sulfate

Question 42

Treatment for Hyperaldosteronism

Answer 42

Sprionolactone

Question 43

Treatment for Hypercholesterolemia

Answer 43

Statin (first-line)

Question 44

Treatment for Hypertriglyceridemia

Answer 44

Fibrate

Question 45

Treatment for Immediate anticoagulation

Answer 45

Heparin

Question 46

Treatment for Infertility

Answer 46

Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomiphene

Question 47

Treatment for Influenza

Answer 47

Oseltamivir, zanamivir

Question 48

Treatment for Kawasaki disease

Answer 48

IVIG, high-dose aspirin

Question 49

Treatment for Legionella pneumophila

Answer 49

Macrolides (e.g. azithromycin)

Question 50

Treatment for Long-term anticoagulation

Answer 50

Warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban

Question 51

Treatment for Malaria

Answer 51

Chloroquine, mefloquine, atovaquone/proguanil (for blood schizont), primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)

Question 52

Treatment for Malignant hyperthermia

Answer 52

Dantrolene

Question 53

Treatment for Medical abortion

Answer 53

Mifepristone

Question 54

Treatment for Migraine

Answer 54

Abortive therapies (sumatriptan, NSAIDs); prophylaxis (propranolol, topiramate, CCBs, amitriptyline)

Question 55

Treatment for Multiple sclerosis

Answer 55

Disease-modifying therapies (IFNb, natalizumab; for acute flares use IV steroids)

Question 56

Treatment for mTB

Answer 56

RIPE (rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol)

Question 57

Treatment for Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Answer 57

Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent C trachomatis)

Question 58

Treatment for Neural tube defect prevention

Answer 58

Prenatal folic acid

Question 59

Treatment for Osteomalacia/rickets

Answer 59

Vit D supplementation

Question 60

Treatment for Osteoporosis

Answer 60

Calcium/vit D supplementation (prophylaxis); biphosphonates, PTH analogs, SERMs, calcitonin, denosumab (treatment)

Question 61

Treatment for Patent ductus arteriosus

Answer 61

Close with indomethacin; keep open with PGE analogs

Question 62

Treatment for Pheochromocytoma

Answer 62

a-antagonists (e.g. phenoxybenzamine)

Question 63

Treatment for Pneumocystis jirovecii

Answer 63

TMP-SMX (prophylaxis and treatment in immunosuppressed patients)

Question 64

Treatment for Prolactinoma

Answer 64

Cabergoline/bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)

Question 65

Treatment for Prostate adenocarcinoma / uterine fibroids

Answer 65

Leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)

Question 66

Treatment for Prostate adenocarcinoma

Answer 66

Flutamide

Question 67

Treatment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 67

Antipseudomonal penicillins, aminoglycosides, carbapenems

Question 68

Treatment for Pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic)

Answer 68

Sildenafil, bosentan, epoprostenol

Question 69

Treatment for Rickettsia rickettsii

Answer 69

Doxycycline, chloramphenicol

Question 70

Treatment for Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)

Answer 70

Atypical antipsychotics

Question 71

Treatment for Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)

Answer 71

Typical and atypical antipsychotics

Question 72

Treatment for SIADH

Answer 72

Fluid restriction, IV hypertonic saline, conivaptan/tolvaptan, demeclocycline

Question 73

Treatment for Sickle cell disease

Answer 73

Hydroxyurea (to increase fetal hemoglobin)

Question 74

Treatment for Sporothrix schenckii

Answer 74

Itraconazole, oral potassium iodide

Question 75

Treatment for Stable angina

Answer 75

Sublingual GTN

Question 76

Treatment for Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 76

MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin; MRSA: vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, ceftaroline

Question 77

Treatment for Streptococcus bovis

Answer 77

Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer if linked to endocarditis

Question 78

Treatment for Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 78

Penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia), vancomycin (meningitis)

Question 79

Treatment for Streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 79

Penicillin prophylaxis

Question 80

Treatment for Temporal arteritis

Answer 80

High-dose steroids

Question 81

Treatment for Tonic-clonic seizures

Answer 81

Levetiracetam, phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine

Question 82

Treatment for Toxoplasma gondii

Answer 82

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

Question 83

Treatment for Treponema pallidum

Answer 83

Penicillin

Question 84

Treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 84

Metronidazole (patient and partner)

Question 85

Treatment for Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)

Answer 85

Carbamazepine

Question 86

Treatment for Ulcerative colitis

Answer 86

5-ASA preparations (e.g. mesalamine), 6-mercaptopurine, infliximab, colectomy

Question 87

Treatment for UTI prophylaxis

Answer 87

TMP-SMX

Question 88

Treatment for Warfarin reversal

Answer 88

FFP (acute), vitamin K (non-acute)