pharmacology general concepts

Question 1

pharmakon definition

Answer 1

a magical substance, treatment, or poison

Question 2

pharmacology definition

Answer 2

science dealing with the fate of drugs in the body and their biological actions within the body

Question 3

primary action of drugs:

Answer 3

therapeutic effects

Question 4

secondary action of drugs”

Answer 4

side effects (adverse reactions)

Question 5

what is a drug?

Answer 5

any substance or mixture of substances for use in:
1. diagnosis, treatment, mitigation, prevention of a disease, disorder, or abnormal physical state, or its symptoms
2. restoring, correcting or modifying organic functions
3. disinfection in premises in which food is manufactured, prepared, or kept

Question 6

FDA regulations apply to:

Answer 6

1. pharmaceuticals
2. biologically-derived products (biologics)
3. disinfectants
4. natural health products

Question 7

routes of administration (4)

Answer 7

1. surface
2. inhalation
3. enteral (gastrointestinal)
4. parenteral (injection)

Question 8

routes of enteral administration

Answer 8

p.o.
s.l.
p.r.

Question 9

parenteral routes of administration

Answer 9

s.c.
i.m.
i.v.
i.a.

Question 10

a.c.

Answer 10

before meals

Question 11

ad lib

Answer 11

as much as desired, freely

Question 12

b.i.d.

Answer 12

twice a day

Question 13

q.i.d.

Answer 13

four times a day

Question 14

h.s.

Answer 14

at bedtime

Question 15

i.m.

Answer 15

intramuscular

Question 16

i.v.

Answer 16

intravenous

Question 17

OTC

Answer 17

over the counter

Question 18

p.c.

Answer 18

after meals

Question 19

p.o.

Answer 19

by mouth, orally

Question 20

p.r.

Answer 20

rectally

Question 21

p.r.n.

Answer 21

as needed

Question 22

p.v.

Answer 22

vaginally

Question 23

q.

Answer 23

every hour

Question 24

q.d.

Answer 24

daily

Question 25

q.h.s.

Answer 25

at bedtime

Question 26

s.c. / s.q.

Answer 26

subcutaneous

Question 27

s.l.

Answer 27

sublingual

Question 28

stat

Answer 28

immediately

Question 29

t.i.d.

Answer 29

three times a day

Question 30

which routes of administration avoid first pass metabolism in the liver?

Answer 30

s.l.
rectal –> sometimes