Pharmacology of ANS Flashcards
(42 cards)
1
Q
parasympathetic receptors
A
- muscarinic
2
Q
parasympathomimetic
A
- aka cholinergic - mimic acetylcholine
- drugs that act as agonists at muscarinic receptors
- mimic actions of the PNS
- 2 major classes: cholinergic agonists and anticholinesterases
3
Q
parasympatholytic
A
- aka anticholinergic - block acetylcholine
- drugs that act as antagonists at muscarinic receptors
- interrupt parasympathetic nerve impulses in the CNS and ANS
- prevent acetylcholine from stimulating cholinergic receptors
4
Q
M2 receptor locations
A
- heart
- PSNS effector cells
- cardiac muscles
5
Q
M3 receptor locations
A
- smooth muscle and exocrine
- intestinal smooth muscle and glands
6
Q
cholinergic agonists
A
- mimic the action of acetylcholine
7
Q
anticholinesterases
A
- inhibit the destruction of acetylcholine by blocking acetylcholinesterase
8
Q
action of cholinergic drugs
A
- stimulate muscle contraction in target organs: parotid gland, eye, bladder, GI tract
- SLUDD: salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, digestion
9
Q
clinical use of cholinergic drugs
A
- stimulate GI motility and gastric emptying
- stimulate bladder emptying
- constrict pupil (some forms of glaucoma)
10
Q
action of anticholinergic drugs
A
- relax muscles in target organs: parotid gland, eye, bladder, GI tract
- ADBUCT: anhidrosis (lack of sweeting), blurry vision (mydriasis/dry eye), dry mouth (decreased salivation), urine retention, constipation (ileus), tachycardia
11
Q
clinical uses of anticholinergic drugs
A
- bronchodilation
- stop diarrhea
- antiemetics (stop vomiting)
- cause mydriasis (pupil dilation)
- treat bradycardia (low hr)
12
Q
sympathetic receptors
A
- alpha adrenergic: a1 and a2
- beta adrenergic: B1 and B2
13
Q
adrenergic agonist drugs
A
- aka sympathomimetics
- mimic action of the SNS
- 3 major classes
14
Q
3 classes of sympathomimetic drugs
A
- direct-acting: directly stim adrenergic receptors
- indirect-acting: stimulate the release of NE from nerve endings in the synapse
- dual-acting: do both
15
Q
specificity of adrenergic agonist drugs
A
- can work at one specific subtype of receptor, alpha or beta subtypes, or be a nonspecific agonist
- specificity determines clinical use
16
Q
a1 adrenergic agonist receptor location
A
- blood vessels
- eye
17
Q
a1 adrenergic agonist actions
A
- vasoconstriction
- pupil dilation
18
Q
a1 adrenergic agonist drug clinical use
A
- hypotension
- anti-arrhythmic
- mydriasis aka pupil dilation(weak, species specific)
19
Q
a1 adrenergic agonist drug adverse effects
A
- hypertension
- arrhythmias
- CNS stimulation
20
Q
a2 adrenergic agonist drug receptor location
A
- CNS
- pancreas
21
Q
a2 adrenergic agonist drug action
A
- decreased sympathetic outflow
- decreased NE release
- decreased insulin secretion
- stimulation of receptors causes sympathetic inhibition!!! (weird one)
22
Q
a2 adrenergic agonist drugs clinical use
A
- sedative
- analgesic
- muscle relaxation
- anxiolysis
23
Q
a2 adrenergic agonist drugs adverse effects
A
- initial hypertension (high bp) which results in a baroreceptor-mediated reflex bradycardia (slow hr)
- leads to dec bp and CO
- arrhythmias
- vomiting (can be used to make cats vomit)
- increase urine output
- transient hyperglycemia
- increased myometrial tone and intrauterine pressure
24
Q
B1 adrenergic agonist drugs receptor locations
A
- heart
- kidney
25
B1 adrenergic agonist drug action
* increased heart rate
* increased heart contractility
* increased renin release
26
B1 adrenergic agonist drug clinical uses
* hypotension - when under anesthesia or shock
* bradycardia
27
B1 adrenergic agonist drugs adverse effects
* hypertension
* tachycardia/arrhythmias
28
B2 adrenergic agonist drugs location
* lungs
* uterus
* blood vessels (not brain or skin)
29
B2 adrenergic agonist drug actions
* bronchodilation (main use)
* uterine relaxation
* vasodilation
30
b2 adrenergic agonist drug clinical uses
* respiratory disease/asthma
* delaying parturition (birth)
31
b2 adrenergic agonist drug adverse effects
* tachycardia/myocardial necrosis
* CNS excitement
* muscle tremors
32
trick for beta adrenergic agonist drugs
* we have 1 heart but 2 lungs
33
sympathetic receptors hint
alpha 1 - time to run
alpha 2s - time to snooze
beta 1 - hearts are achieving
beta 2 - means better breathing
34
adrenergic antagonist drugs
* aka sympatho**lytic** drugs
* block actions of SNS
* most drugs in this class will be specific for either alpha or beta receptors
35
alpha adrenergic antagonists
* “alpha blockers”
* alpha 1 antagonists
* alpha 2 antagonists
36
alpha 1 antagonists
* treat congestive heart failure/hypertension; treat urine retention
37
alpha 2 antagonists
* reverse the sedation and bradycardic effects of alpha-2 agonists
38
beta adrenergic antagonists
* “beta blockers”
* beta 1 antagonists
* beta 2 antagonists
39
beta 1 antagonists
* treat congestive heart failure/ arrhythmias
40
beta 2 antagonists
* no specific uses
* most beta1 have beta 2 antagonist ability
* use with caution in asthmatic patients
41
epinephrine
* nonspecific adrenergic agonist
* increases hr and bp
* causes bronchodilation
* decreases GI motility
* dilates pupil
* used in ER
42
atropine
* nonspecific cholinergic antagonist
* increases hr and bp
* causes bronchodilation
* decreases GI motility
* dilates pupil
* used in ER
