Pharmacology Of LA Flashcards
(34 cards)
Q: What is the definition of local anesthesia?
A: Loss of sensation in a particular/circumscribed area of the body caused by depression of excitation in nerve endings or an inhibition of the conduction process in peripheral nerves.
Q: What does local anesthetic agent do?
A: It brings about a reversible loss of sensory perception
Q: How does general anesthesia compare to local anesthesia in terms of site of action?
A: General anesthesia acts on the CNS, while local anesthesia acts on the peripheral nerves.
Q: Why is local anesthesia considered safer than general anesthesia?
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A: It has a lower risk profile, is usually safe, safe for vital functions, and not used in minor or major surgeries, unlike general anesthesia
Q: What are the properties of ideal local anesthetics?
A: They should not irritate tissues, have low systemic toxicity, not cause permanent nerve damage, be effective, have short onset time, and a long enough duration to complete the procedure.
Q: What are some differences between General (G.A) and Local Anesthesia (L.A)?
A: Site of action (CNS vs. peripheral nerves), consciousness (loss vs. unaltered), area involved (whole body vs. restricted area), use in surgeries, health risk, preference, and physiological alterations
Q: How is local anesthesia distributed in the body?
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A: It enters the blood, then is distributed to tissues like the brain, liver, lungs, kidneys, and spleen where it has high levels of action
Q: What is the pharmacokinetics of local anesthesia’s uptake?
A: When injected into soft tissues, it exerts pharmacological action on blood vessels and possess a degree of vasoconstriction or vasodilation.
Q: How are amides metabolized and excreted?
A: Amides are metabolized in the liver and excreted through the kidneys.
Q: How are esters almost completely hydrolyzed?
A: Esters are almost completely hydrolyzed in plasma by Estrase, thus appearing in small concentrations in the urine
Q: What is the basis of classification for anesthetics?
A: ON THE BASIS OF MODE OF ACTION AND CHEMISTRY
Q: Name some injectable anesthetics.
A: Procaine, lidocaine, tetracaine, bupivacaine, mepivacaine, ropivacaine, etc.
Q: How are surface/topical anesthetics classified?
A: They are classified as
soluble: cocaine, lidocaine, tetracaine, benoxinate, and
insoluble: benzocaine, butylaminobenzoate, oxethazine
Q: What are the classifications of anesthetics based on chemistry?
A: 1. ESTERS 2. AMIDES
Q: List some esters.
A: Cocaine, procain, benzocaine, tetracaine, butacaine, hexylcaine, piperocaine, propyoxycaine, chloroprocaine
Q: List some amides.
A: Lidocaine, bupivacaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine, articaine, dibucaine, etidocaine
Q: What are some injectable anesthetic with low potency and short duration?
A: Procaine, chloroprocaine
Q: What are intermedium potency and duration anesthetics?
A: Lidocaine, prilocaine
Q: Name high potency, long duration anesthetics.
A: Tetracaine, bupivacaine, ropivacaine, dibucaine
Q: What are the properties of esters?
A: Short duration of action, hydrolyzed by plasma esterases, produce less intense analgesia, higher risk of hypersensitivity, poor membrane penetration, metabolized in plasma.
Q: What are the properties of amides?
A: Longer-lasting, not hydrolyzed by plasma esterases, produce more intense analgesia, rarely cause hypersensitivity, good membrane penetration, metabolized in liver.
Q: What are the properties of tetracaine?
A: Topical local anesthetic used for the temporary relief of pain, itching, associated with minor burns, sunburns, scrapes, insect bites
Q: What is the difference between esters and amides?
A: Esters have short duration of action, produce less intense analgesia, and have a higher risk of hypersensitivity. Amides last longer, produce more intense analgesia, and are metabolized in the liver
lIDOCAINE PHARMACOLOGY?
A: Under Amide, metabolized in the liver, pH around 6.5, onset of action within 2 minutes, duration 1.6 hours, available in topical form, recommended dosage is 7 mg/kg OR 4.4mg/Kg
