Pharmacology PPT 3

Question 1

what 3 things happen with fight or flight

Answer 1

increase oxygenation, increase energy, increase transport

Question 2

how does the sympathetic system increase oxygenation

Answer 2

bronchodilation, increasing RR, and depth of ventilation

Question 3

how does the sympathetic system increase transport

Answer 3

vasodilation, vasoconstriction, cardiac responses

Question 4

how does the sympathetic system increase energy

Answer 4

glycogenolysis

Question 5

sensory (afferent)

Answer 5

input to brain (heat, light, pressure)

Question 6

somatic (efferent)

Answer 6

away from brain - largely voluntary

Question 7

what 2 branches only have synapses inside the spinal cord

Answer 7

sensory and somatic

Question 8

autonomic nervous system

Answer 8

involuntary, unconscious, no control – bp, heart rate, digestion

Question 9

where are most of the sympathetic controls located

Answer 9

thoracic and lumbar region

Question 10

where are most of the parasympathetic controls located

Answer 10

cervical/sacral

Question 11

what are the parts of the sympathetic branch

Answer 11

short preganglionic fiber, ganglionic synapse, long postganglionic fiber, neuroeffector synapse

Question 12

NE

Answer 12

neurotransmitter - norepinephrine

Question 13

ACh

Answer 13

acetylcholine

Question 14

nerve stimulation is what 2 things

Answer 14

electric and chemical

Question 15

how are nerve signals carried

Answer 15

along nerve fiber by electric action

Question 16

what happens at the synapses in nerve fibers

Answer 16

electric transmission is replaced by chemical transmission

Question 17

how are synapses named

Answer 17

from their location

Question 18

what are the 2 sympathetic neurotransmitters

Answer 18

ganglionic synapse and neuroeffector synapse

Question 19

what is the ganglionic synapse

Answer 19

acetycholine

Question 20

what is the neuroeffector synapse

Answer 20

norepinephrine

Question 21

describe the actions of the sympathetic branch starting at the spinal cord

Answer 21

a preganglionic fiber is released and at the ganglionic synapse ACh is found then there is a long postganglionic fiber and finally a neuroeffector synapse is found with NE to stimulate smooth muscle or gland

Question 22

at sweat glands what is released

Answer 22

sympathetic sweat glands only release ACh instead of NE

Question 23

where are alpha receptors found and what do they do

Answer 23

lungs and blood vessels and they cause constriction to reduce swelling

Question 24

what do beta one adrenergic receptors do

Answer 24

increase HR, FOC, automaticity

Question 25

what do beta 2 receptors do

Answer 25

relax bronchial smooth muscle which causes dilation

Question 26

how does a drug work

Answer 26

it bypasses signalling the midbrain for a response and goes into the lock to start or block a reaction from occurring

Question 27

beta receptor theory

Answer 27

B2 agents attach to receptors on chain, activating Gs, which produces more cyclic AMP, which that causes muscle relaxation