Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Ortho > Pharmacology Review > Flashcards

Pharmacology Review Flashcards

(53 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Differently Classes of NSAIDs

A 
Salicylate (acetylated)
Salicylate (non-acetylated)
Popionic acids (phenyl-propionic acid)
Acetic acids
Oxicams
Fenamates
Nonacidic
Selective COX-2 inhibitors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When is NSAID therapy considered a failure?

A

2 weeks at max anti-inflammatory dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

MOA of NSAIDs

A

Inhibit cyclooxyrgenase which impairs the transformation of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins to prostacyclin and thromboxanes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do COX-1 enzymes regualte?

A

Normal cellular processes such as gastric cytoprotection, vascular homeostasis, platelet aggregation, kidney function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

SE of NSAIDs

A 
GI
Renal
CV
Liver
Pulmonary
Hematologic
Malignancy
Dermatologic
Healing of musculoskeletal injuries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Renal SE of NSAIDs

A 
Renal vasoconstriction
Acute renal failure
Hypertension
Hyperkalemia
Hyponatremia
Edema
Increased risk of renal cell cancer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hepatic SE of NSAIDs

A

Elevation of liver transaminases
NSAID associated liver injury
More common in SLE and RA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pulmonary SE of NSAIDs

A

SE more related to nonselective COX 1/2 inhibitors (less with COX2 selective)
Bronchospasm
Pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hematologic SE of NSAIDs

A

Neutropenia

Anti platelet effects due to COX-1 inhibition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anti-platelet Activity with NSAIDs

A

Need to continue ASA for cardioprotection
Interaction with warfarin (increase INR)
Higher risk of bleeding with anticoagulant use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CNS SE with NSAIDs

A

Aseptic meningitis
Tinnitus (usually salicylates)
Psychosis and cognitive impairment (indomethacin, elderly)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dermatologic SE with NSAIDs

A

Drug rash
Pseudoporphyria
Blistering skin lesions (TENS, SJS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fracture Healing Effects with NSAIDs

A

Non-union

Avoid NSAIDs up to 90 days post fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Contraindications for NSAIDs

A 
N: nursing or pregnancy
S: serious bleeding
A: allergy, asthma, angioedema
I: impaired renal function
D: drug (anticoagulants)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Acetylated Salicylate Medication

A

Aspirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is the acetylated salicylate class different from the other classes?

A

Irreversible platelet inhibition for the life of the platelet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Medications in the Propionic Acids Class

A

Naproxen

Ibuprofen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Naproxen

A

Less CV risk

Naproxen base or naproxen sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ibuprofen

A

Advil or Motrin
Short duration of effect
Alternative to naproxen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Medications in the Acetic Acids Class

A 
IV Ketorolac (Toradol)
Indomethacin (Indocin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ketorolac (Toradol)

A

Adjust dose based on age and weight
Moderate to severe post-op pain
Risk of gastropathy >5 days
Not for chronic pain or inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Indomethacin (Indocin)

Study These Flashcards
A

Immediate release and extended release formulations
Treats acute gout and pericarditis
Not for chronic use
May be associated with aplastic anemia

23
Q

Medications in the Oxicams Class

Study These Flashcards
A

Meloxicam (Mobic)

Prioxicam (Feldene)

24
Q

Meloxicam (Mobic)

Study These Flashcards
A

Long duration
Slow onset
Low doses: COX-2 selective

25
Piroxicam (Feldene)
Treatment of chronic pain and inflammation poorly responsive to other NSAIDs >20 mg QD = serious GI complications
26
Selective COX-2 Inhibitor Medication
Celecoxib (Celebrex)
27
Celecoxib (Celebrex)
No effect on platelets Decreased GI toxicity Dose related renal and CV effects (higher = more problems)
28
Pain Management with Fractures
Acetaminophen (APAP) or NSAID | Sometimes narcotic analgesic
29
Indications for Narcotics in Fractures
``` Significant soft tissue swelling or ecchymosis Pain at rest Night pain Pain uncontrolled by NSAIDs or APAP Anyone who had surgery May just need at night ```
30
Narcotics for Pain Relief
Codeine Hydrocodone Oxycodone
31
Codeine
Weak opioid Mild to moderate pain Schedule II/III Metabolized to morphine
32
Medications with Hydrocodone
Lorcet Lortab Norco Vicodin
33
Hydrocodone
``` Schedule III Moderate to severe pain Onset: 10-20 min Duration: 4-8 hours Combination with acetaminophen ```
34
Medications with Oxycodone
Percocet Roxicet Endocet
35
Oxycodone
``` Schedule II Moderate to moderately severe pain Onset: 10-30 minutes Combination with acetaminophen Avoid long acting for acute pain ```
36
Long Acting Oxycodone Medication
MS Contin
37
MOA of Noloxone (Narcan)
Reverses respiratory depression, sedation, and analgesia
38
Never use Extended Release and Long Acting Opioid Analgesics in what Situations
Acute pain | Narcotic naive patient
39
Toxicities of Opioids in General
``` Sedation and respiratory depression Constipation (need a bowel regimen) Decreased effectiveness of diuretics QT prolongation Check for cytochrome P450 inhibitors or inducers ```
40
Cytochrome P450 Inhibitors
``` Bupropion Fluoxetine Paroxetine Cimetidine Acyclovir Duloxetine Fluoroquinolones Ketoconazole PPIs Verapamil Diltiazem Grapefruit juice ```
41
Cytochrome P450 Inducers
``` Carbamazepine Isoniazid Tobacco Rifampin St. John's wort ```
42
Extended Release and Long Acting Opioids
``` Morphine sulfate ER: MS Contin, Kadian, Embeda, Avinza Buprenorphine transdermal: butrans Methadone: dolophine Fentanyl transdermal: duragesic Hydromorphone: exalgo ```
43
Rules for Transdermal Administration
Never cut or tear a patch | Heat exposure can increase release and absorption
44
Application of Transdermal Administration
Chest, side of waist, upper arm Avoid hairy areas Rotate sites Wash site with water only
45
MOA of Tramadol
Mu receptors | Inhibits NE and serotonin
46
Tramadol
Effective for relief of neuropathic pain Improved functional outcomes for fibromyalgia May not be more effective than NSAIDs or nortriptyline for chronic pain
47
Metabolism of Tramadol
Hepatic
48
Use Caution with Tramadol in what Populations
Elderly | Renal insufficiency
49
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) Tizanadine (Zanaflex) Metaxalone (Skelaxin) Diazepam (Valium)
50
Duration of Use of Muscle Relaxants
1-2 weeks
51
SE of Muscle Relaxants
Sedation | Anticholinergic
52
Muscle Relaxants with High Potential for Abuse
Diazepam (Valium) | Carisoprodol (Soma)
53
Muscle Relaxants + NSAIDs
Synergistic effect for treatment of acute back pain

Ortho (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions