Upper Extremity Disorders

Question 1

What is the primary supinator in the arm?

Answer 1

Biceps

Question 2

MOA of a Distal Biceps Injury

Answer 2

Eccentric contraction

Steroid users

Question 3

How to test for a distal biceps rupture?

Answer 3

Hook test

Question 4

Indications to Fix a Distal Biceps Rupture

Answer 4

Laborer: frequent use of screwdriver, doorknobs, handles
Popeye’s deformity
Cosmetic

Question 5

Another Name for Tennis Elbow

Answer 5

Lateral Epicondylosis

Question 6

What muscles are affected with lateral epicondylosis?

Answer 6

Forearm extensors

Question 7

What muscles are affected with medial epicondylosis?

Answer 7

Forearm flexors

Pronator

Question 8

Treatment of medial (golf) or lateral (tennis) epicondylosis (elbow)?

Answer 8

Patient education
Ice
NSAIDs
Begin stretching program followed by strengthening exercises

Question 9

What can bursitis be secondary to?

Answer 9

Trauma
Infection
Arthritic conditions: gout, RA, OA

Question 10

Most Common Locations of Bursitis

Answer 10

Olecranon

Pre-patellar

Question 11

Other Locations of Bursitis

Answer 11

Sub-deltoid
Ischial
Trochanteric
Baker cyst

Question 12

What can a constant draining of sinuses lead to?

Answer 12

SCC

Question 13

Treatment of Bursitis

Answer 13

Heat
Rest
NSAIDs
Local corticosteroid injections
I&D (septic) + antibiotics

Question 14

Radial Nerve Palsy

Answer 14

Saturday night palsy

Get drunk and lie on your arm wrong

Question 15

What does the radial nerve innervate?

Answer 15

Flexors & ulnar mediatros

Question 16

4 Sites of Compression of the Ulnar Nerve

Answer 16

Cubital tunnel (elbow)
IM septum
2 heads of flexor carpal ulnas
Gianes cannel (at the wrists

Question 17

Tests for Cubital Tunnel Ulnar Nerve Palsy

Answer 17

Tinnel’s

Bent elbow test

Question 18

Treatment for a Dislocating Ulnar Nerve

Answer 18

Dish towel

Knee pad worn backwards to keep arm extended

Question 19

Indications to fix Ulnar Nerve Palsies

Answer 19

Persistent numbness
Instability
Muscle atrophy

Question 20

What is the most common peripheral neuropathy?

Answer 20

Carpal tunnel/median nerve

Question 21

Define Tinel’s Sign

Answer 21

Tingling or shock-like pain on solar wrist percussion

Question 22

Define Phalen’s Sign

Answer 22

Pain or paresthesia in the distribution of the median nerve when both wrists are flexed to 90 degrees for 60 seconds

Question 23

Define Carpal Compression Test

Answer 23

Numbness & tingling are induced by direct application of pressure over the carpal tunnel

Question 24

Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Answer 24

1st: NSAIDs, splints, PPIs
2nd: Cortisone shots
3rd: carpal tunnel release

Question 25

Indications for Carpal Tunnel Release

Answer 25

Atrophy of thenar muscle(s) | Chronic numbness

Question 26

Define Dupuytren's Syndrome

Answer 26

Thickening of the palmar fascia | Superficial to the tendons

Question 27

Other Locations Dupuytren's can Affect

Answer 27

Feet (Lederhosen's) | Penis (Pyrenees disease)

Question 28

Treatment of Dupuytren's Syndrome

Answer 28

Needle apeuronotomy Open palmar fasciectomy Partial palmar fasciectomy Collagenase injections

Question 29

How does a ganglion cyst occur?

Answer 29

Weakness in the joint wall allowing synovial fluid to escape | 1 way valve pushing fluid out of the joint

Question 30

Differential Diagnosis of a Ganglionic Cyst

Answer 30

Ganglion Lipoma Schwanoma AV malformation

Question 31

Distinguishing a Ganglion Cyst from a Lipoma, Schwanoma, or AV Malformation

Answer 31

Clear, able to see through with a light

Question 32

Distinguishing a Lipoma from a Ganglion Cyst

Answer 32

Feels rubbery | Not as compressible

Question 33

Distinguishing a Schwanoma from a Ganglion Cyst

Answer 33

Solid | Can't move proximal/distal

Question 34

Distinguishing a AV Malformation from a Ganglion Cyst

Answer 34

Can see vessels going in & out

Question 35

Define Arthritis

Answer 35

Inflammation of the joints

Question 36

Define Arthritis Obliterans

Answer 36

Deformed joints

Question 37

Define Osteoarthritis

Answer 37

Degradation of the cartilage in the joints

Question 38

Treatment for Arthritis

Answer 38

NSAIDs Splints Fusion Joint resurfacing

Question 39

Describe a Swan Neck Deformity

Answer 39

Hyperextension at PIP joint | Flexion at DIP joint

Question 40

Describe a Boutonniere Deformity

Answer 40

Hyperextension at DIP joint | Flexion at PIP joint