Pharynx And Larynx - Stephens 3/24

Question 1

Which stage of swallowing does elevation of the floor of the mouth and tongue to push food bolus into the oropharynx?

Answer 1

Oropharngeal

Question 2

What stage of swallowing is synonymous with mastication?

Answer 2

Oral phase

Question 3

What stage of swallowing does the oropharynx elevate and constrict around the bolus, propelling it down the esophagus?

Answer 3

Pharyngo-esophageal phase

Question 4

The nasal cavity communicates with the nasopharynx via what?

Answer 4

Choanae

Question 5

Oral cavity into the oropharynx via what?

Answer 5

Faucial isthmus

Question 6

Nasopharynx into the oropharynx via what?

Answer 6

Pharyngeal isthmus

Question 7

What forms the faucial isthmus?

Answer 7

Palatoglossal fold

Palatopharyngeal fold

Question 8

Where does the laryngopharynx communicate with the oropharynx?

Esophagus?

Answer 8

Hyoid

C6

Question 9

What is the major elevator of the pharynx?

Innervated by what?

Answer 9

Stylopharyngeus muscle

SVE fibers from CN 9

Question 10

Where is retro pharyngeal space?

Answer 10

Bw the buccopharyngeal fascia and prevertebral fascia

Question 11

What does the buccopharyngeal fascia cover?

What is embedded in the portion of the fascia covering the middle constrictor?

Answer 11

Outer surface of the buccinator muscle and pharynx

Pharyngeal plexus

Question 12

What muscles are inner elevators of the pharynx?

Answer 12

Stylopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus

Question 13

What are the pharyngeal constrictor muscles?

Answer 13

Superior, middle, and inferior constrictors

Question 14

What muscle’s horizontal fibers comprise the cricopharyngeus muscle used during speech?

Answer 14

Inferior constrictor muscle

Question 15

What muscle is attached laterally to the hyoid and posteriorly to the midline pharyngeal Raphe?

Answer 15

Middle constrictor muscle

Question 16

The superior constrictor muscle is attached laterally to what?

Posteriorly to what?

Answer 16

Pterygomandibular Raphe

Midline pharyngeal Raphe

Question 17

Where is Zenker’s diverticulum located?

Answer 17

Above the cricopharyngeus and above upper sphincter of esophagus UES

Question 18

Where is Killian’s triangle?

Answer 18

Superior to the cricopharyngeus muscle and inferior to the inferior constrictor muscle

Question 19

Sensory innervation of the pharynx via what?

Motor innervation?

Answer 19

Glossopharyngeal n

Vagus n

Question 20

Sensory fibers of the gag reflex are conveyed by what?

What type of fibers?

Answer 20

CN 9

GVA fibers

Question 21

The efferent component of the gag reflex is mediated by the vagus nerve assisted by what?

Answer 21

Intercostal
Phrenic
Abdominal nerves

Question 22

What kind of joint is the cricothyroid joint?

Answer 22

Synovial

Question 23

What form the posterior attachment of the vocal ligaments?

Answer 23

Arytenoid cartilages

Question 24

During intubation of a patient the blade is often placed where?

Answer 24

Valleculae epiglottica

Question 25

What are the valleculae epiglottica separated from each other by? How are they bounded?

Answer 25

Median glossoepiglottic fold Lateral glossoepiglottic folds

Question 26

What is the only AB-ductor of the vocal cords?

Answer 26

Posterior cricoarytenoid m.

Question 27

What ADducts the vocal cords?

Answer 27

Lateral cricoarytenoid and arytenoideus

Question 28

What muscle increases vocal fold tension by tilting the thyroid cartilage forward? What opposes this muscle?

Answer 28

Cricothyroid muscle Vocalis muscle

Question 29

Tumors of the vocal fords result in what?

Answer 29

Dysphonia (hoarseness)

Question 30

After the RLN crosses the cricothyroid joint and enters the larynx, what is it now called? What kind of fibers does it convey to laryngeal muscles? Except what 1 muscle? Where do these fibers originate?

Answer 30

Inferior laryngeal nerve SVE Cricothyroid muscle Nucleus Ambiguus

Question 31

In the laryngeal expiration/cough reflex (LER/LCR) what nerve represents the afferent component? Where do these afferent inputs travel to? If this nerve is compromised, what can happen?

Answer 31

Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve NTS Aspiration pneumonia

Question 32

What innervates the mucosa of the upper larynx above the level of the vocal cords? Branches from what? Conveys what type of fibers?

Answer 32

Internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve Vagus nerve GVA fibers