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phC Flashcards

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1
Q

isoniazid

A

inhibits acyl carrier protein reductase +beta ketoacy ACP synthase(inhibits synthesis of mycolic acid of cell wall)

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2
Q

rifampin

A

inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase → orange urine

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3
Q

pyrazinamide

A

forms pyrazinoic acid→inhibits plasma membrane function

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4
Q

ethambutol

A

inhibits arabinosyl transferase enzyme→inhibits cell wall synthesis of M tuberculosis

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5
Q

streptomycin

A

protein synthesis inhibitors(30S ribosomal subunit) taken IM!!!

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6
Q

kanamycin

A

30S ribosomal subunit inhibitor

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7
Q

cycloserine

A

inhibits D-alanine racemase and D-alaanine-D-alanine ligase→inhibits cell wall synthesis of tuberculosis

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8
Q

dapson

A

inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase→inhibits folate synthesis (used with rifampin for M. leprae)

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9
Q

chloroquine

A

inhibits heme polymerase→cant convert hematin into hemozoin against malaria

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10
Q

mefloquine

A

inhibits heme polymerase(slower than chloroquine) against malaria

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11
Q

quinine

A

similar to chloroquine(for P falciparum)

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12
Q

atovaquone

A

(+proguanil) for P falciparum→inhibits mitochondrial function

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13
Q

proguanil

A

folate synthesis inhibitors for P falciparum(+atovaquone)

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14
Q

artemether

A

blood schizonticide, creating free radicals

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15
Q

lumefantrine

A

+arthemether for P falciparum malaria or chloroquine resistant malaria

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16
Q

primaquine

A

for recurrent malaria(p. ovale+vivax)

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17
Q

metronidazole

A

anti-amoebiasis drug, create free radicals within bacterial cell

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18
Q

mebendazole

A

inhibits polymerizaiton of beta tubulin microtubules(orally)

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19
Q

levamisole

A

depolarizing NM blockade -paralysis for round worms

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20
Q

ivermectin

A

enhance GABA effect in worm by inhibiting glutamate transmission

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21
Q

niclosamide

A

inhibits oxidative phosphorylation for tenia saginata, solium

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22
Q

fluconazole

A

inhibits C14-alpha-demethylase which converts lanosterol into ergosterol

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23
Q

itraconazole

A

inhibits C14-alpha-demethylase which converts lanosterol into ergosterol, against dermatophytosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis

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23
Q

voriconazole

A

inhibits C14-alpha-demethylase which converts lanosterol into ergosterol, against invasive aspergillosis, candida esophagitis(AIDS)

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24
clotrimazole
inhibits C14-alpha-demethylase which converts lanosterol into ergosterol, for local use like vaginal candidiasis, tinea infection
25
amphotericin B
attacks fungal membrane directly by binding to ergosterol producing channels and destroying osmotic integrity+ cascade of oxidative reactions
26
nystatin
same as amphotericin B→binds to ergosterol and forms pore→ damage fungal membrane directly, used for vaginal candidiasis and diaper rash (TOPICAL USE bc more toxic and not used in systemically, not absorbed from mucous membrane and skin so limited to treatment of superficial candidiasis)
27
terbinafine
inhibitor of squalene epoxidase(squalene→squalene epoxide→ lanosterol into ergosterol)
28
flucytosine
inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis for cryptococcal meningitis(+amphotericin B)
29
caspofungin
inhibition of beta-D-glucan synthase →cell lysis of fungal cell wall
30
aciclovir
iv/oral/locally phosphorylated accidentally by viral thymidine kinase→incorporated into DNA molecule and acts to inhibit DNA polymerase by competing with natural nucleotides
31
valaciclovir
taken orally** acyclovir prodrug
32
ganciclovir
IV!! guanosine analog like acyclovir
33
valganciclovir
PO!! prodrug of ganciclovir
34
foscarnet
viral DNA polymerase inhibitors for Herpes family(CMV,VZV, HSV), NG for children
35
cidofovir
inhibits viral DNA polymerase (taken IV) kind of like foscarnet for herpes meds
36
ribavirin
against RSV(AEROSOL, iv,po), RNA pol inhibitor
37
palivizumab
IM, monoclonal antibody against RSV
38
oseltamivir
=tamiflu(PO), against influenza virus A+B, inhibits neuraminidase
39
zidovudine
thyidine analogue, nucloside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
40
lamivudine
cytidine analogue of nucleoside reverst transcriptase inhibitors for HIV
41
emtricitabine
cytidine analogue of nucleoside RTI
42
tenofovir
nucleotide analogue of nucleotide RTI; NO CNS entry
43
abacavir
purine analogue of nucleotide RTI
44
etravirine
NNRTI, only against HIV-1
45
darunavir
protease inhibitors of HIV-cant cleave viral polyprotein into active protein to make new viral particles
46
ritonavir
protease inhibitors of HIV(most commonly used)
47
lopinavir
protease inhibitors of HIV
48
maraviroc
blocks CCR5 coreceptor that works with gp120 for HIV molecule to come inside host cell
49
dolutegravir
integrase inhibitor which cant integrate viral DNA into host DNA to make new HIV viruses
50
interpheron alpha
inhibits viral protein synthesis -promote breakdown of viral RNA -↑expression of MHC-1 molecule to be detected by cytotoxic T cells -against Hep B+C
51
tenofovir
nucleotide AMP analogue, termination of DNA transcription (NtRTI) for hep B!!
52
entecavir
po -nucleoside guanosine analogue, inhibits RT enzyme -against hep B
53
grazoprevir
NS3/4A protease inhibitors for hep C
54
paritaprevir
NS3/4A protease inhibitors for hep C
55
velpatasvir
non-nucleotide NS5A polymerase inhibitors for Hep C (chronic)
56
elbasvir
non-nucleotide NS5A polymerase inhibitors for Hep C (chronic)
57
dasabuvir
Buvir='B'→ non nucleoside NS5B polymerase inhibitors for hep C
58
sofosbuvir
Buvir='B'→ nucleotide NS5B polymerase inhibitors for Hep C
59
crystalline penicillin G
IV
60
benzathine penicillin G
IM, against S pyogees, agalactiae, treponema etc
61
penicillin V
orally, mainly against oropharyngeal infection
62
flucloxacillin=flucoxacillin
one of penicillins!! intrinsically beta lactamase resistant(bc of bulky side chains), against gram positive aerobes(staph aureus)
63
amoxicillin
IV or ORALLY!, betalactamase sensitive penicillins, + clavulanic acid(beta lactamase inhibitor)
64
ampicillin
IV or IM, beta lactamase sensitive penicillins, +sulbactam(beta lactamse inhibitor)
65
piperacillin
antipseudomonal penicillins, IV, +tazobactam(beta lactam lactamase)
66
cephalexin
PO! 1st gen cephalosporin
67
cefazolin
IV, 1st gen cephalosporin
68
cefurozime-axetil
PO!, 2nd gen cephalosporin
69
cefoxitin
IV, 2nd gen cephalosporin
70
cefexime
PO, 3rd gen cephalosporin
71
ceftriaxone
IV, 3rd gen cephalosporin
72
cefotaxime
IV, 3rd gen cephalosporin
73
ceftazidime
IV, 3rd gen cephalosporin
74
cefepime
IV, 4th gen cephalosporin
75
ceftolozane+tazobactam
IV, 4th gen cephalosporin
76
ceftarolin-fosamil
IV, 4th gen cephalosporin
77
cefiderocol
5th gen cephalosporin
78
imipenem
2nd gen carbapenems, resistant to most beta lactamases, PARENTAL admin, for sepsis and pneumonia
79
meropenem
2nd gen carbapenems, PARENTAL admin, for meningitis and sepsis
80
doripenem
2nd gen carbapenems, PARENTAL admin, for meningitis and sepsis
81
aztreonam
monobactam, resistant to beta lactamase enzyme
82
clavulanate
beta lactamase inhibitors =clavulanic acid used +amoxicillin
83
tazobactam
beta lactamase inhibitors +piperacillin(antipseudomonal)
84
vaborbactam
carbapenemase inhibitor +meropenem(carbapenem beta lactam anitibiotic)→towards anti-listeria
85
chloramphenicol
IV, 50S subunit inhibitor→block peptidyl transferase against meningitis and RIckettsia infections
86
colistin(polymyxin E)
IV or IM, cell membraine inhibitor against acinetobactor buumani
87
SMX+TMP
SMX inhibits dihydropteroate synthase enzyme(PABA→dihydropteroate) TMP inhibits dihydrofolate reductase(dihydropteroic acid →tetrahydrofolate)
88
proguanil
prodrug, inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase enzyme against malaria prophylaxis
89
doxycycline(tetracycline)
30S subunit inhibitors, PO or IV
90
tigecycline
30S subunit inhibitor, only IV!!
91
streptomycin
aminoglycosides-30S inhibitor
92
neomycin
aminoglycosides-30S inhibitor only TOPICAL
93
kanamycin
aminoglycosides-30S inhibitor
94
gentamycin
aminoglycosides-30S inhibitor
95
tobramycin
aminoglycosides-30S inhibitor, TOPICAL(cream)=TOBRA
96
amikacin
aminoglycosides-30S inhibitor
97
netilmycin
aminoglycosides-30S inhibitor
98
norfloxacin
1st gen fluoroquinolones
99
ciprofloxacin
2nd gen fluoroquinolones
100
ofloxacin
2nd gen fluoroquinolones
101
levofloxacin
3rd gen fluoroquinolones
102
moxifloxacin
4th gen fluoroquinolones
103
clarithromycin
inhibits 23S ribosomal RNA of 50S subunit
104
azithromycin
inhibits 23S ribosomal RNA of 50S subunit
105
roxithromycin
inhibits 23S ribosomal RNA of 50S subunit
106
dose of azithromycin
1*500mg for 3 days
107
clindamycin
50S inhibitor, orally
108
quinupristin
50S inhibitor(prevent elongation of polypeptide), IV
109
dalfopristin
50S inhibitor(peptidyl transferase); enhance binding of quinupristin, IV
110
linezolid
50S inhibitor(inhibits initiation complex formation @A site)
111
vancomycin
cell wall synthesis inhibitor
112
teicoplanin
cell wall synthesis inhibitor kinda like vancomycin
113
oritavancin
'VAN'--vancomycin related, IV, cell wall synthesis inhibitor
114
fusidic acid
protein synthesis inh
115
daptomycin
inhibits cell membrane by creating efflu pump(of K+) into cell wall for staph aureus bacteremia
116
bacitracin
cell wall inhibitor
117
mupirocin
protein synthesis inh for impetigo (bread jam mup) isoleucyl tRNA synthesis inhibitors!
118
metronidazole
creates free radical O2 species→damage bacteria DNA
119
fidaxomicin
prtoein synthesis inh(inh of RNA poly) mainly against C difficile
120
rifaximin
inh of RNA poly
121
nitrofurantoin
inh synthesis o protein, cell wall, DNA and RNA, used against UTI!
122
fosfomycin
inh enolpyruvate transferase→no formation of N-acetylmuramic acid making cell wall→ inhibits cell wall synthesis, used for women w uncomplicated UTI

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