Philosophical Perspective Flashcards
(97 cards)
1
Q
What happened in 600 BCE?
A
Birth of Philosophy or love for wisdom
2
Q
What greeks searched for and came up?
A
Knowledge and answers that are both cognitive and scientific in nature
3
Q
Study of change led to
A
idea of permanence
4
Q
seek natural explanations to events and phenomena around them
A
Greek Philosophers in Miletus
5
Q
observed changes in the world and wanted to explain these changes
A
Greek Philosophers in Miletus
6
Q
What early philosophers sought to understand?
A
the nature of human beings, problems of morality and life philosophies
7
Q
Mentor of Plato
A
Socrates
8
Q
Socrates wanted to discover?
A
essential nature of knowledge, justice, beauty, and goodness.
9
Q
Socrates’ thoughts which are in Plato’s writing
A
The Dialogues
10
Q
Asking questions and engage the person in a discussion
A
Socratic Method
11
Q
Someone should be
A
Skilled in detecting misconceptions and revealing them by asking right questions.
12
Q
The goal of the Socratic Method
A
bring the person closer to the final understanding
13
Q
“The mission in life is to seek the highest knowledge and convince others who were willing to seek his knowledge with him.”
A
Socrates’ View of Human Nature
14
Q
the soul helps a person get in touch with his or her?
A
True Self
15
Q
Inner Goodness
A
Virtue
16
Q
forces people to use their innate reason by reaching inside themselves to their deepest nature.
A
Socratic Method
17
Q
Aristocles as real name
A
Plato
18
Q
Established the Academy
A
Plato
19
Q
Plato’s Metaphysics
A
Theory of Forms
20
Q
Refer to what are real
A
Forms
21
Q
objects that can only be grasped intellectually, not merely by senses.
A
Forms
22
Q
Characteristics of Forms
A
- Ageless or Eternal
- Unchanging or Permanent
- Unmoving and indivisible
23
Q
Plato’s Dualism
A
The Realm of Shadows
The Realm of Forms
24
Q
- Composed of changing, sensible things which are lesser entities and therefore imperfect and flawed.
A
The Realm of Shadows
25
Composed of eternal things which are permanent and perfect. It is the source of all reality and true knowledge.
The Realm of Forms
26
Knowledge lies within the person’s soul.
Plato's View of Human Nature
27
Human beings as microcosms of the universal macrocosms.
Plato's View of Human Nature
28
Component of Soul that is rational and motivation of goodness and truth.
Reason
29
Component of Soul that is non-rational and is the will or the drive toward action
Spirited
30
Component of Soul that is irrational and lean towards the desire for the pleasures of the body.
Appetites
31
People are blank. Sometimes, however, judgments are made in blank and blank equal to evil.”
Intrinsically good
| Ignorance
32
People see shadows of reality only and they believe as real and as knowledge.
The Allegory of the Cave
33
Blank are not real, but Blank are the only real
Shadows
| Forms
34
According to Plato, It begins with a feeling of something lacking
Love
35
Blank is a process of seeking higher stages of being
Love
36
Concern were God and Relationship with God
Christian Philosphers
37
According to Christian Philosophers, blank and blank were the ultimate goals of man
Self-knowledge
| Happiness
38
Sees man as basically good and becomes evil through ignorance of what is good
Greek Philosophers
39
Sees man as sinners who reject/go against a loving God’s commands.
Christian Philosophers
40
Man is capable of knowing the blank, which is God
Eternal Truths
41
Who is within man and transcends man?
God
42
St. Augustine's View of Human nature
God as the source of reality and truth
| The Sinfulness of man
43
What is the cause of sin or evil?
Act of freewill
44
Can be achieved through the grace of God
Moral Goodness
45
when a man loves the wrong things
Disordered love
46
“For God is love and he created humans for them to also love”
The Role of Love
47
Love for physical objects leads to
Sin of greed
48
Love for other people is?
Not lasting
49
Excessive love for people leads to
Sin of Jealousy
50
Love for the self leads to
The sin of people
51
Love for God is?
The supreme virtue
52
How does man find real happiness?
Only through loving God
53
Who said that Soul is within the Body and the body needs a soul?
Aristotle
54
A life-changing event according to Aristotle
Catharsis
55
Father of Modern Philosophy and one of the Rationalist Philosophers of Europe
Rene Descartes
56
Two powers of Mind
Intuition
| Deduction
57
the ability to apprehend direction of certain truths.
Intuition
58
the power to discover what is not known by progressing in an orderly way from what is already known.
Deduction
59
According to Rene Descartes' View of Human nature, a thing that doubts, understands, affirms, denies, wills, refuses and also imagines and feels.
thinker
60
The body is like a machine controlled by the will and aided by the mind.
Mind-Body Problem
61
According to who?knowledge results from ideas produced posteriori or objects that were experienced
John Locke
62
Objects are experience through senses
Sensation
63
The mind looks at the objects that were experienced to discover relationships that may exist between them.
Reflection
64
ideas are not innate but rather the mind at birth is a blank slate or neutral called?
Tabula Rosa
65
According to Locke's View of Human Nature, it depends on the conformity of a person’s behavior towards some law
Moral Good
66
According to Locke, what law where praiseworthy actions are virtues and those are not are vices?
Law of Opinion
67
According to Locke, what law where right actions are enforced by people in authority
Civil law
68
According to Locke, what law where set by God on the actions of man
Divine Law
69
He relied on the scientific method, believing that it could analyze human nature and explain the workings of the mind.
David Hume
70
Two types of perception according to David Hume
Impression and Ideas
71
Type of perception that immediate sensations of external reality
Impression
72
Type of perception which is defined as recollections of the impressions
Ideas
73
Three principles of patterns of thinking
1. The principle of resemblance – repetition
2. The principle of contiguity – continuation
3. The principle of cause and effect – causation
74
According to David Hume's View of Human Nature, self is?
a product of imagination
75
According to David Hume's View of Human Nature, there is no such thing as blank behind perceptions and feelings that come and go; there is blank self.
personal identity
| no permanent/unchanging self
76
Founder of German Idealism and wrote a critique of Pure Reason, Critique of Practical reason, and Critique of Judgment.
Immanuel Kant
77
Mind is not a blank of sense experience but rather blank in knowing the objects it experiences.
passive receiver
| actively participates
78
According to Kant's View of Human Nature, what is the experience of the self and its unity with objects?
Transcendental Apperception
79
Who introduced Psychodymanic theory has characteristics of philosophical thought?
Sigmund Freud
80
Structure of the Mind according to Sigmund Freud that is based on the pleasure principle
Id
81
Structure of the Mind according to Sigmund Freud that is based on the reality principle
Ego
82
Structure of the Mind according to Sigmund Freud that is dependent on learning the difference between right or wrong
Super Ego
83
Blank or Life Instinct; the energy is called Blank and urges necessary for survival like thirst, hunger, sex, etc.
Eros
| Libido
84
Blank or Death Instinct; behavior that is directed towards destruction
Thanatos
85
Who contradicted Cartesian Dualism?
Gilbert Ryle
86
According to Ryle, it is a type of knowledge that uses facts in the performance of skills or technical abilities
Knowing-How
87
According to Ryle, it is a type of knowledge that knows facts
Knowing That
88
Blank is worthless if not used to solve practical problems
Knowledge
89
Coined the term Neurophilosophy
Patricia Churchland
90
They sought to guide scientific theorizing with philosophy
Patricia & Paul Churchland
91
responsible for the identity known as the self
Man's brain
92
Aims to explore the relevance of the neuroscientific studies to the philosophy of mind
Neurophilosophy
93
responsible for thoughts, feelings, and behavior
Brain
94
According to Churchland's view of human nature, • The self is blank, that it is the tool that helps the person blank to the realities of the brain and the extent reality.
real
| tune in
95
Philospoher of the body
Maurice Merleau–Ponty
96
According to Ponty, The world and the sense of self are blank in the ongoing process of man’s becoming.
emergent phenomena
97
According to Ponty, Blank is a process that includes sensing as well as interpreting/reasoning.
Consciousness
