Philosophies

Question 1

Study and pursuit of facts which deal with the ultimate reality or causes of things as they affect life.

Answer 1

Philosophy

Question 2

came to a close around the end of the 18th and 19th century

Answer 2

Modern philosophy

Question 3

Upon the closing of modern philosophy, what’s next had began?

Answer 3

Contemporary philosophy

Question 4

is characterized by political and religious outlooks.

Answer 4

Contemporary philosophy

Question 5

Many _____emerge brought about by changes then taking place in ____.

Answer 5

political thinkers
Europe

Question 6

the basis of absolute monarchies in Europe and in Asia.

Answer 6

Divine Right Theory

Question 7

became Rizal’s social and political laboratory

Answer 7

Europe

Question 8

became Rizal’s patients.

Answer 8

Indios

Question 9

allowed liberal ideas to flow into the archipelago. (Philippines)

Answer 9

The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869

Question 10

provide a fertile ground in the country for the seeds of revolution to flourish.

Answer 10

socio-economic and political conditions

Question 11

an ideology, which stresses belief in the ability of men and women to establish functioning social communities without the need for apparatus of state.

Answer 11

Anarchism

Question 12

It advocates destruction of the existing society by revolution for the birth of a new and better one.

Answer 12

Anarchism

Question 13

Two aristocratic revolutionaries who claim that the state is parasite and an enemy of the people.

Answer 13

Michael Bakunin and Peter Kropotkin

Question 14

They encourage the abolition of private property and the exposition of fraud in the guise religion

Answer 14

Michael Bakunin and Peter Kropotkin

Question 15

They glorify revolution as the only way to effect change

Answer 15

Michael Bakunin and Peter Kropotkin

Question 16

Who quoted, “Man is naturally good but he is corrupted by his institution or society”

Answer 16

Bakunin

Question 17

leading theorist of Anarchism

Answer 17

Bakunin

Question 18

An aristocratic revolutionary who claims that the state is a parasite and an enemy of the people.

Answer 18

Bakunin

Question 19

He hated all forms of authority, believing that society must be organized from the bottom upwards by a spontaneous cooperation and association.

Answer 19

Bakunin

Question 20

Types of Anarchism

Answer 20

Classical Anarchy
Anarcho-Syndicalist
Anarcho-individualist

Question 21

kind of anarchy where violence is a necessity to uproot the old system to counter resistance of the ruling class.

Answer 21

Classical Anarchy

Question 22

It is intensely critical of social and political roles of religion in deceiving the people.

Answer 22

Classical Anarchy

Question 23

praises the role of trade unions, advocates general strikes and prefers civil disobedience.

Answer 23

Anarcho-Syndicalist

Question 24

Its basis is the supreme value of importance of individual freedom.

Answer 24

Anarcho-Syndicalist

Question 25

This freedom is deemed as the superior moral right of man against any law or policy of the state.

Answer 25

individual freedom.

Question 26

An individual bases his civil disobedience on _____-.

Answer 26

personal and ethical consideration

Question 27

one’s protest may be in form of radical pacifism, renouncing revolutionary violence against the state.

Answer 27

Anarcho-individualist

Question 28

an act of dying as “acceptance” of punishment for crime purportedly committed;

Answer 28

Radical Pacifism

Question 29

a type of non-violent protest to highlight injustice and corruption to –strong public reaction

Answer 29

Radical Pacifism

Question 30

predict the revolution between the capitalist and the proletariat

Answer 30

Communism

Question 31

the trio of thesis, antithesis and synthesis that results to the success of the proletariat.

Answer 31

Communism

Question 32

Communism in the 1900’s has been based on the theories of

Answer 32

Marx

Question 33

Communism in the 1900’s has been interpreted and modified by

Answer 33

Lenin

Question 34

Communism in the 1900’s has been based on the theories of Marx as interpreted and modified by Lenin. These theories are often called

Answer 34

Marxism-Leninism

Question 35

their long-range goal is a society that provides equality and economic security for all.

Answer 35

Communists

Question 36

A theory and system of social and political organization that was a major force in world politics for much of the 20th

Answer 36

Communism

Question 37

sought to overthrow capitalism through a worker’s revolution and establish a system in which property is owned by the community as a whole rather than by individuals.

Answer 37

Communism

Question 38

would create a classless society of abundance and freedom, in which all people enjoy equal social and economic status.

Answer 38

Communism

Question 39

In practice, _____have taken the form of coercive, authoritarian governments that cared little for the plight of the working class and sought above all else to preserve their own hold on power.

Answer 39

communist regimes

Question 40

believe that only a violent revolution could improve the plight of workingmen

Answer 40

Communists

Question 41

is an ideology that seeks to preserve the status quo who, when change becomes necessary in tested institutions and practices, prefers that it come slowly, and in moderation.

Answer 41

Conservatism

Question 42

may be taken as cautionary measure to change.

Answer 42

Conservatism

Question 43

argued that man’s natural state was war.

Answer 43

T. Hobbes

Question 44

According to Hobbes, Governments, particularly a _______--, was necessary to restrain man’s bestial tendencies because life without government was a “state of nature.”

Answer 44

Monarchy

Question 45

To escape the horrors of the natural state and to protect their lives, Hobbes argued men must give up to government certain ____

Answer 45

rights

Question 46

was the first strong exponent of conservatism.

Answer 46

Edmund Burke

Question 47

He contended that to get power and stay in power, a ruler had to forget his ideals

Answer 47

Niccolo Machiavelli

Question 48

He learned that by nature, humans are not good, kind, loyal or honest.

Answer 48

Niccolo Machiavelli

Question 49

Who said that, "A wise ruler… cannot and should not observe faith when it is to his disadvantage and the causes that made him give his promise have vanished. If men were all good, this advice would not be good, but since men are wicked and do not keep their promises to you, you likewise do not have to keep yours to them.”

Answer 49

Niccolo Machiavelli

Question 50

believed that the state should be all-powerful.

Answer 50

Machiavelli

Question 51

Machiavelli said that every political act had only one means of measure, ____

Answer 51

success

Question 52

The following are ideologies under Conservatism

Answer 52

Organicism Clericalism Aristocracy Traditionalism Paternalism Compliance Social Pessimism PATOCCS

Question 53

the state is viewed as an organ, the product of a healthy society, a living organism, whose parts are subordinate to and contributory to the welfare of the whole

Answer 53

Organicism

Question 54

meaning excellence

Answer 54

Arete

Question 55

this is the rule of the best where the members of a community place confidence on a distinct group and doubt the capacity of the masses to rule

Answer 55

Aristocracy

Question 56

it views the separation of the church and state as undesirable. State and church must shared equal power.

Answer 56

Clericalism

Question 57

It advocates the idea that leaders derived their power from God . The leaders are the representatives of God.

Answer 57

Divine Right Theory

Question 58

traditions and institutions are generally considered the best since they have been tested by time.

Answer 58

Traditionalism

Question 59

a concept where the aristocratic group is to play parents of the masses as children, under the tutelage of the latter.

Answer 59

Paternalism

Question 60

It is a tyrant-slave mentality, a form of oppression

Answer 60

Paternalism

Question 61

The practice of submitting oneself to authority and subordination to basic institutions.

Answer 61

Compliance

Question 62

this concept claims that man shapes society and society is shaped by man

Answer 62

Social Pessimism

Question 63

the reflection of man’s nature and collective behavior in a particular polity.

Answer 63

Society

Question 64

it claims that social ills cannot be blamed on the defects of a social system alone but are imputed also on the nature, weakness and defects of man himself.

Answer 64

Social Pessimism

Question 65

Places its faith in the rationality and goodness of man. It expresses demand for freedom of expression and equality of opportunity.

Answer 65

liberalism

Question 66

postulates that men are born equal yet, this doctrine admits that men differ in incidences and accidents

Answer 66

Liberalism

Question 67

it expresses demand for freedom of expression and equality of opportunity

Answer 67

Liberalism

Question 68

claims that man is a rational being, endowed with natural rights such as life, liberty and property. Man entered into a covenant with the government.

Answer 68

Natural Rights Liberalism

Question 69

is said to be the prophet of democracy and the main proponent of natural rights liberalism.

Answer 69

John Locke

Question 70

says “man by nature is selfish, cruel and always seeking for his self-glorification”

Answer 70

Leviathan

Question 71

the consent of the people is the only true basis of any sovereign rights to rule.

Answer 71

Social Contract Theory,

Question 72

men formed governments largely to preserve life, liberty, and property, and to assure justice.

Answer 72

J. Locke

Question 73

If governments act improperly, they break their “contract” with the people and therefore no longer enjoy the consent of the governed.

Answer 73

SCT

Question 74

Everything is good when it leaves the hands of the creator but everything degenerates in the hands of man”.

Answer 74

Jean Jacques Rousseau:

Question 75

Man is born free but everywhere in chains”.

Answer 75

Jean Jacques Rousseau:

Question 76

claimed that man is inherently good but the false values of society corrupt him

Answer 76

JJR

Question 77

He claimed that a people’s consent alone legitimizes government and the processes of decision-making must be participated by all.

Answer 77

JJR

Question 78

He said that it is the right of the people to stage civil disobedience or to take up arms when a government breaks its covenant with them. He prescribes eternal vigilance on the part of the governed against their people.

Answer 78

JJR

Question 79

Rousseau claims that the covenant is in HOW MANY PHASES?

Answer 79

2

Question 80

What are the 2 phases of covenant according to JJR

Answer 80

1. Social Phase 2. Political Phase

Question 81

the inhabitants of a polity decides to form a community of people

Answer 81

Social Phase

Question 82

when the people organize a government.

Answer 82

Political Phase

Question 83

The government and the governed are bound by a ______

Answer 83

symbiotic relationship

Question 84

T/F: When the government has become arbitrary and oppressive however, the people have the right to overthrow the government.

Answer 84

T

Question 85

Justifies inequalities if such inequalities are necessitated by the common weal and where there is freedom coupled with maturity.

Answer 85

Utilitarian Liberalism

Question 86

Founder of Utiliterian Liberalism

Answer 86

John Stuart Mill

Question 87

This ideology believes in the relativeness of truth and in the freedom of expression.

Answer 87

Utilitarian Liberalism

Question 88

takes evolution as one of the laws of nature. While it discourages aid to the unfits of society, it is optimistic that in the far-off future, man will achieve the ideal state.

Answer 88

Social Darwinist Liberalism

Question 89

He believed that betterment is the outcome of slow and steady processes

Answer 89

Darwin

Question 90

is a political theory based on Darwin’s theory on natural selection,

Answer 90

Evolution