Philosophy 1 Flashcards
(45 cards)
- According to John Locke, knowledge is derived from ________________.
a) Experience
b) Mathematics
c) A priori information we’re born with
d) Mystical forces
A) Experience
- At his trial, Socrates was accused of:
(1) impiety and
(2) ______________
2) Corrupting the Youth
- Which ancient Greek philosopher argued that we can foster a set of robust character traits that will lead to consistently good behavior. Because of this, “The best way to teach morality is to make it a habit with children”
Aristhotle
Hume called ___________ “the great guide of human life”
Experience
Who said we were born with a “tabula rasa” or “blank slate”?
John Locke
The bifurcation between ideas (associations) and impressions (matters of fact) is often referred to as Hume’s ________.
Fork
Immanuel Kant can be most accurately classified as a(n):
Deontologist
Virtue Ethicist
Utilitarian
Deontologist
What is the title of Socrates’s speech at his trial, as written by Plato?
“The ____________”
Appology
Who argued that in order to understand an object or phenomenon, one must know its “causes,” of which there are four: material cause, formal cause, efficient cause, and final cause
Aristotle
Aristotle’s four cardinal virtues included Justice, Temperance, Courage, and ________________.
Prudence
In his treatise Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle advocates for an approach to ethics that emphasizes finding the appropriate medium, or middle ground, between extremes. This idea is referred to as the: “_________ __________.”
Golden Mean
Plato was originally a student of _______________ and was as influenced by his thinking and execution.
Socraties
According to John Locke, is the following a “primary” or “secondary” quality?: Color
Secondary
According to John Locke, is the following a “primary” or “secondary” quality?: Weight
Primary
What is the literal meaning of “esse est percipi”?
To be is to be percived
George Berkeley was a proponent of _____________ (the claim that everything that exists either is a mind or depends on a mind for its existence).
a) Materialism
b) Idealism
c) The representationalist theory of perception
Materialism
Who came up with the famous allegory of the cave?
Plato
Who proposed the theory that everything in the empirical world is an inferior manifestation of its pure form, which exists in a transcendent realm beyond the natural world?
George Berkley
Who wrote a number of dialogues which often included Socrates?
Plato
Which of the following best fits Aristotle’s definition of VIRTUE?
a trait of character manifested by noble intentions
a trait of character established by a single action
a trait of character manifested in habitual action
a universal maxim one has a perfect duty to follow under any circumstances
A trait of character manifested by noble intentions
In one formulation of his idea of the Categorical Imperative, Immanuel Kant argued we should act only according to maxims that we would be willing to make into _________________________.
general guidelines, with exceptions
virtuous habits
universal rules
prescriptions for happiness
Universal Laws
. _________________ is the system of ethics that argues that morality the rightness and wrongness of a person’s actions depends on whether that action fulfills a duty rather than by its consequence.
Utilitarianism
Virtue ethics
Deontology
Deontology
______________ is the system of ethics that argues that right action flows from good character traits or dispositions.
Utilitarianism
Virtue ethics
Deontology
Virtue Ethics
Does the following represent the philosophy of Plato or Aristotle?
Universals do not exist apart from actual things in the world, and they can be known only by experiencing actual individual things.
Aristhotle
