Philosophy Redo 1

Question 2

1. According to John Locke, knowledge is derived from ________________.
   a) Experience
   b) Mathematics
   c) A priori information we’re born with
   d) Mystical forces

Answer 2

A) Experience

Question 3

2. At his trial, Socrates was accused of:
   (1) impiety and
   (2) ______________

Answer 3

2) Corrupting the Youth

Question 4

3. Which ancient Greek philosopher argued that we can foster a set of robust character traits that will lead to consistently good behavior. Because of this, “The best way to teach morality is to make it a habit with children”

Answer 4

Aristhotle

Question 5

Hume called ___________ “the great guide of human life”

Answer 5

Experience

Question 6

Who said we were born with a “tabula rasa” or “blank slate”?

Answer 6

John Locke

Question 7

The bifurcation between ideas (associations) and impressions (matters of fact) is often referred to as Hume’s ________.

Answer 7

Fork

Question 8

Immanuel Kant can be most accurately classified as a(n):
Deontologist
Virtue Ethicist
Utilitarian

Answer 8

Deontologist

Question 9

What is the title of Socrates’s speech at his trial, as written by Plato?
“The ____________”

Answer 9

Appology

Question 10

Who argued that in order to understand an object or phenomenon, one must know its “causes,” of which there are four: material cause, formal cause, efficient cause, and final cause

Answer 10

Aristotle

Question 11

Aristotle’s four cardinal virtues included Justice, Temperance, Courage, and ________________.

Answer 11

Prudence

Question 12

In his treatise Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle advocates for an approach to ethics that emphasizes finding the appropriate medium, or middle ground, between extremes. This idea is referred to as the: “_________ __________.”

Answer 12

Golden Mean

Question 13

Plato was originally a student of _______________ and was as influenced by his thinking and execution.

Answer 13

Socraties

Question 14

According to John Locke, is the following a “primary” or “secondary” quality?: Color

Answer 14

Secondary

Question 15

According to John Locke, is the following a “primary” or “secondary” quality?: Weight

Answer 15

Primary

Question 16

What is the literal meaning of “esse est percipi”?

Answer 16

To be is to be percived

Question 17

George Berkeley was a proponent of _____________ (the claim that everything that exists either is a mind or depends on a mind for its existence).
a) Materialism
b) Idealism
c) The representationalist theory of perception

Answer 17

Materialism

Question 18

Who came up with the famous allegory of the cave?

Answer 18

Plato

Question 19

Who proposed the theory that everything in the empirical world is an inferior manifestation of its pure form, which exists in a transcendent realm beyond the natural world?

Answer 19

George Berkley

Question 20

Who wrote a number of dialogues which often included Socrates?

Answer 20

Plato

Question 21

Which of the following best fits Aristotle’s definition of VIRTUE?
a trait of character manifested by noble intentions
a trait of character established by a single action
a trait of character manifested in habitual action
a universal maxim one has a perfect duty to follow under any circumstances

Answer 21

A trait of character manifested by noble intentions

Question 22

In one formulation of his idea of the Categorical Imperative, Immanuel Kant argued we should act only according to maxims that we would be willing to make into _________________________.
general guidelines, with exceptions
virtuous habits
universal rules
prescriptions for happiness

Answer 22

Universal Laws

Question 23

. _________________ is the system of ethics that argues that morality the rightness and wrongness of a person’s actions depends on whether that action fulfills a duty rather than by its consequence.
Utilitarianism
Virtue ethics
Deontology

Answer 23

Deontology

Question 24

______________ is the system of ethics that argues that right action flows from good character traits or dispositions.
Utilitarianism
Virtue ethics
Deontology

Answer 24

Virtue Ethics

Question 25

Does the following represent the philosophy of Plato or Aristotle? Universals do not exist apart from actual things in the world, and they can be known only by experiencing actual individual things.

Answer 25

Aristhotle

Question 26

Does the following represent the philosophy of Plato or Aristotle? Truth resides in the immaterial world of ideas.

Answer 26

Plato

Question 27

Rationalism or empiricism? Essences can be known only by studying nature through individual observation of phenomena.

Answer 27

Empiricism

Question 28

. Which of the following statements would an act-utilitarian agree with? What makes an action right is that it complies with a rule or duty. What makes an action right is determined by analyzing impact on character. What makes an action right is that it falls under a rule that, if generally followed, would maximize happiness, everyone considered. What makes an action right is that the action maximizes happiness, everyone considered.

Answer 28

What makes an action right is that the action maximizes happiness, everyone considered

Question 29

John Locke said that “___________ qualities” are objective qualities that can be subjected to scientific measurement.

Answer 29

Primary

Question 30

John Locke said that “___________ qualities” are sensory qualities, including color, taste, smell, felt warmth or texture, and sound.

Answer 30

Secondary

Question 31

__________________ is the system of ethics that argues the morally right action is the action that produces the most good as a consequence. Utilitarianism Virtue ethics Deontology

Answer 31

Utilitarianism

Question 32

Who argued human beings are composed of a material body and an immaterial mind that are distinct but linked (he argued, through the pineal gland)?

Answer 32

Descartes

Question 33

Kant argued that it was a universal obligation or moral imperative that we should never treat people as: fundamentally virtuous capable of defining happiness rational actors a means to an end

Answer 33

a means to an end

Question 34

_____________knowledge is acquired prior to experience “a priori” OR “a posteriori”

Answer 34

a priori

Question 35

Which of the following best describes Aristotle's concept of the “golden mean”? a mean between two virtues: moderation and courage a set of beneficent intentions a mean between two opposite vices: excess and defect the average of extreme rights

Answer 35

A mean between two opposite vices: excess and defect

Question 36

Who famously said “I think therefore I am”?

Answer 36

Descarties

Question 37

Which philosopher argued that the world is mind-dependent because it is composed of ideas, whose existence consists in being perceived (For both ideas and objects in the physical world, esse est percipi.)?

Answer 37

George Berkley

Question 38

According to George Berkeley, _______ is perceiving the world at all times.

Answer 38

God

Question 39

Which philosopher famously said that humans are born with certain fundamental, “inalienable” natural rights: “life, liberty, and property.”

Answer 39

John Locke

Question 40

“________________”: Though often translated as “happiness,” it means something closer to “a flourishing life.” Used by Aristotle to refer to the good life (being virtuous, living in accordance with our nature as human beings).

Answer 40

Eudimonia

Question 41

Using the famous billard ball example, David Hume said that the theory of causation and all factual inference is founded on experience and is based on “assumption of _______________” – that past is guide to future.

Answer 41

Assumption of uniformity

Question 42

Aristotle argued that everything had a proper place or end, and that it naturally grows toward that end T/F

Answer 42

True

Question 43

George Berkeley believed that we could establish a true resemblance between an idea and material object outside of the mind. T/F

Answer 43

False

Question 44

The belief that “human beings are composed of a material body and an immaterial mind” is an example of dualism. T/F

Answer 44

True

Question 45

David Hume said we could observe causation. T/F

Answer 45

False