Philosophy

Question 1

These are acts originating from the individual performing the act using knowledge about the situations of the act.

Answer 1

Voluntary Actions

Question 2

What are the 2 classifications of voluntary actions?

Answer 2

Voluntary & Related to Compulsion

Question 3

Class of Voluntary Act. Actions are performed from will and reason.

Answer 3

Voluntary

Question 4

Class of Voluntary Act. It is considered as mixed of voluntary and involuntary. It is more voluntary if the desire and choice has been performed and involuntary if it has considered preferences or alternatives.

Answer 4

Related to Compulsion

Question 5

These are acts done under a) force or coercion and b). ignorance where the doer failed to understand the effect and feels sorry on the result.

Answer 5

Involuntary Actions

Question 6

What are the 2 classifications of involuntary actions?

Answer 6

Under Compulsion & Ignorance

Question 7

Class of Involuntary Act. Circumstances which are beyond the control of the agent and contributes none to the action.

Answer 7

Under Compulsion

Question 8

Class of Involuntary Act. Through _______ of particular circumstances.

Answer 8

Ignorance

Question 9

This is a choice which is deliberately selected based on a MORAL STANDPOINT. Basically, they are normative answers about what we ought to do from a moral system that we uphold and its moral principles.

Answer 9

Intellectual Choice

Question 10

A choice which is borne out of psychological and emotional CONSIDERATIONS. Unlike the previously discussed type of choice, these are made when confronted with the actual situation, and usually affected by psychological aspect of the person embroiled in the moral situation or dilemma.

Answer 10

Practical Choice

Question 11

What are the three kinds of freedom?

Answer 11

Physical Freedom
Psychological Freedom
Moral Freedom

Question 12

FreedomKinds. Refers to the absence of any physical restraint.

Answer 12

Physical Freedom

Question 13

FreedomKinds. Refers to freedom to make the RIGHT and WISE decision

Answer 13

Psychological Freedom

Question 14

FreedomKinds. Refers to an action that upholds human dignity and goodness.

Answer 14

Moral Freedom

Question 15

For Aristotle, _________ is a virtue of thought that is PRACTICAL rather than theoretical and DELIBERATIVE rather than intuitive.

It is the intellectual virtue that perfects reasoning in regard to decision making in the realm of human action.

Answer 15

Prudence or Practical Wisdom

Question 16

What are two ways that demonstrates freedom of choice?

Answer 16

“The act itself does not make a man guilty unless his intention were so.”

“An act done by me against my will is not my act.”

Both means that the act can not be criminal unless the mind is criminal

Question 17

In order that an act may be considered as having performed with deliberate intent (freedom), the following must be seen:

Answer 17

a.) A person must have FREEDOM while doing an act or omitting to do an act.
b.) A person must have INTELLIGENCE while doing the act or omitting to do the act.
c.) He must have INTENT while doing the act or omitting to do the act.

ifi

Question 18

According to a. _______________

b. ___________ is an interaction between persons that happens through speech or the use of words, expressions, and body language.

A deeper and more genuine interaction which is made possible when the self realizes that the other is a genuine and unique individual.

Answer 18

a. Abella (2016)
b. Dialogue

Question 19

The word Dialogue comes from two Greek roots:

Answer 19

dia: through or across
logue: discourse or talk

Question 20

He (a. __________) mention that in a conversation, there could be a (b. ________) which is trying to express the (c. ________). It attempts to articulate who and what we are, not as a particular individual but as human beings.

Answer 20

a. Heidegger
b. stammer
c. unnamable

Question 21

“__________________ enables individuals to ACKNOWLEDGE that each are part of a greater whole, that they NATURALLY RESONATE with others within this whole and that the whole is, indeed, greater than the sum of its various parts. As participants in such a holistic process, together they can produce greater results than they would just as individuals without this meaningful connection”

According to _________, former ASPA National Council member of Global Meaning Institute.

Answer 21

Authentic dialogue; Alex Pattakos

Question 22

A _________ is a social imposition on people who have IMPAIRMENTS, making it more difficult for people to do certain activities or interact with the world around them.

Answer 22

disability

Question 23

Someone (a. __________) does not have the advantages other people have. They usually live in poverty.

A privilege is a (b. _____________), people who are underprivileged lack such rights and advantages.

Answer 23

a. underprivileged
b. right or an advantage

Question 24

According to the United Nations the term __________ are used to apply to ALL persons with disabilities including those who have long-term physical, mental, intellectual, or sensory impairments which, in interaction with various attitudinal and environmental barriers, [hinders their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others.]

Answer 24

PWDs or person with disabilities

Question 25

These are people who have less in financial and possessions and opportunities compared to other people in the society. They were deprived or disadvantaged to learn and read or even government cuts. They are families who usually LIVE IN POVERTY because they don’t have place to live, money, education, or food to survive in daily basis.

Answer 25

Underprivileged Sectors

Question 26

The ________________________ (CRPD), states that all persons with all types of disabilities must enjoy all ______________________.

Answer 26

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities; human rights and fundamental freedoms

Question 27

According to the book of Ramos, what are the 5 characteristics of representing deprivation? The most common measurement of the underprivileged is _______, that defined into consumption of goods and services.

Answer 27

income, health, education, empowerment and working condition [WEEHI] income

Question 28

Various advocacies supporting persons with disabilities have resulted in the institution of events and commemorations such as the __________, an international sports competition modeled after the Olympics that features athletes with disabilities.

Answer 28

Paralympics

Question 29

An act “providing for the rehabilitation, self-development and self-reliance of disabled person and their integration into the mainstream of society and for other purposes was enacted to GRANT THE RIGHTS AND PRIVILEGES for disabled persons.

Answer 29

Republic Act No. 7277

Question 30

_____________ or the Social Reform and Poverty Alleviation Act to sustain the manner of provision to the minimum basic needs of food, health, education, housing, and other essential amenities of life TO SUSTAIN the BASIC NEEDS of the BASIC SECTORS in the Philippines.

Answer 30

Republic Act 8425

Question 31

SRA. What are the reforms that is the multi-dimensional approach to poverty?

Answer 31

(1) SOCIAL dimension access to quality basic services (2) ECONOMIC dimension asset reform and access to economic opportunities (3) ECOLOGICAL dimension sustainable development of productive resources (4) GOVERNANCE dimension democratizing the decision-making and management processes GEES

Question 31

Adaptation and integration of __________ (SRA) in the national Anti-Poverty Action Agenda shall principally include the principles and programs of the SRA and shall have a multi-dimensional approach to poverty consisting of the following reforms.

Answer 31

Social Reform Agenda

Question 32

__________ is including people with disabilities in everyday activities and encouraging them to have roles like their peers who do not have a disability.

Answer 32

Disability Inclusion

Question 33

(a. ____________) is vital to achieve the goals of ending the extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity. Promotion of (b. ____________) emphasizes that this is critical development interventions and for achieving sustainable development.

Answer 33

a. Social Inclusion b. investment project financing

Question 34

Different people adopt _________ belief.

Answer 34

different

Question 35

Society is _________ and pervasive and has no defined ________ or assignable limits.

Answer 35

universal; boundary

Question 36

___________ are products of the past and contemporary beliefs and actions of individuals.

Answer 36

Social Contexts

Question 37

Individuals are not ___________ beings capable of governing their own lives unaffected by external social forces.

Answer 37

autonomous

Question 38

She, _____________, believed that society exerted a powerful force on individuals.

Answer 38

Emile Durkheim

Question 39

It is a group of people who shares a common lifestyle and organization.

Answer 39

Society

Question 40

A ___________ may be defined as a plurality of individuals interacting with each other according to shared cultural norms and meanings.

Answer 40

social system

Question 41

What are the 4 functions of social system according to TALCOTT PARSONS?

Answer 41

Adaptation, Goal Attainment, Integration, Pattern Maintenance SS-AGIP

Question 42

SocialSystems Functions. The GAINING OF CONTROL over conditions in environments of the system. These processes involve DEVELOPING new resources or IMPROVING allocations of resources to strengthen a system’s capabilities and efficiencies.

Answer 42

Adaptation

Question 43

SocialSystems Functions. The processes of ORGANIZING the activities of social units to bring about a valued state in the system’s relationships to its environments, typically including other social systems.

Answer 43

Goal Attainment

Question 44

SocialSystems Functions. The processes of MUTUAL ADJUSTMENT among a system’s components to promote their long-term dependence on one another and attachment to the system.

Answer 44

Integration

Question 45

SocialSystems Functions. The processes of developing long-term commitment to values and other principles that DISTINGUISH the system from its environments.

Answer 45

Pattern Maintenance

Question 46

What are the 3 basic responsibilities of an individual?

Answer 46

Respect, Cooperation, Participation CPR

Question 47

Responsibility of Individual. Every individual is expected to TAKE ACTIVE PART in all the important activities being held in the society.

Answer 47

Participate in Society’s Activities [PARTICIPATION]

Question 48

Responsibility of Individual. Each society has certain rules defined and every individual must RESPECT and abide by them.

Answer 48

Follow the rules of a society [RESPECT]

Question 49

Responsibility of Individual. Culture itself means to have certain values. The RELATIONSHIP of every individual with the neighbors should be friendly and healthy.

Answer 49

Be in A Harmonious Relationship with Neighbors [COOPERATION]

Question 50

What are 2 human relations that can influence and transform social systems?

Answer 50

Religions & Cultural Preferences

Question 51

Man is a social animal mainly because of the following three reasons:

Answer 51

* Man is Social BY NATURE * NECESSITY makes Man a Social Animal * For The Development of Mind and Personality Man LIVES IN SOCIETY

Question 52

Functionalists regard the individual as formed by society through the influence of 3 institutions such as the _________________

Answer 52

family, school, and workplace fws

Question 53

_________ are people who examined society as existing apart form the individual. Who are 3 philosophers that are considered as such?

Answer 53

Functionalists Herbert Spencer, Emile Durkheim, Karl Marx

Question 54

For Durkheim, society is _________; it is first in origin and importance to the individual.

Answer 54

reality

Question 55

In contrast to _____________ (known as father of sociology), who regarded the individual as a mere __________, a somewhat more substantial position by Durkheim held that the individual was the recipient of group influence and social heritage.

Answer 55

Auguste Comte; abstraction

Question 56

What are the 6 elements that society possesses?

Answer 56

1. Likeness 2. The Reciprocal Awareness 3. Differences 4. Interdependence 5. Cooperation 6. Conflict RL DICC :o

Question 57

Society Elements. _____ of members in a social group is the primary basis of their MUTUALITY.

Answer 57

Likeliness

Question 58

Society Elements. Likeness is generative of this. Once some are AWARE of the mutual likeness, they, certainly differentiate against those who are not like them.

Answer 58

The Reciprocal Awareness

Question 59

Society Elements. This does not exclude diversity or variation. The social structure of humanity is based on the family which rests upon the biological DIFFERENCES between the sexes. The economic structure of society is based on division of labor in which econ activities of people are different or DISSIMILAR.

Answer 59

Differences

Question 60

Society Elements. It is not possible for human being to satisfy his desire in isolation. He cannot live alone. He needs the HELP OF OTHERS for his survival. Society fulfills all the needs of the people.

Answer 60

Interdependence

Question 61

Society Elements. Without this, no society can exist. If the members of the society do not WORK TOGETHER for the common purposes, they cannot lead a happy and comfortable life. This avoids mutual destructiveness and results in economy.

Answer 61

Cooperation

Question 62

Society Elements. Not only cooperation but also ______ is necessary for the formation of society. They must coexist in a healthy society. This is a process of struggle through which all things have come into existence.

Answer 62

Conflict

Question 63

According to ___________, a conflict free harmonious society is an impossibility. Society requires for its formation and growth both harmony and disharmony, cooperation, and conflict.

Answer 63

George Simmel

Question 64

______________ rightly states that “Cooperation crossed by conflict marks society wherever it is revealed." What are some other 7 elements of society that he stated?

Answer 64

Robert M. Maclver usages, procedures, authority, mutual aid, groupings, controls, and liberties. MUGCLAP

Question 65

According to __________. “The unexamined life is not worth living.”

Answer 65

Socrates

Question 66

What are the two processes in Socratic Method?

Answer 66

Ironic Process Maieutic Process

Question 67

Processes in Socratic Method. Make the seeker of knowledge clear his mental decks for action; it makes the mind clears of prejudices and leads to a humble and sincere confession of ignorance.

Answer 67

Ironic Process

Question 68

Processes in Socratic Method. After clearing one’s mind, this method uses to draw out the truth from his students; this is usually done through a dialogue or a conversation.

Answer 68

Maieutic Process

Question 69

Based on Socrates view on __________, “To make a person happy, he must live a _____ life. Virtue is not something to be taught or acquired through education, but rather it is merely an awakening of the seeds of good seeds that lay dormant in the mind and heart of a person.”

Answer 69

happiness; virtuous

Question 70

According to _________ in his theory on immorality, “Human persons’ body is the source of endless trouble by reason of the mere requirement of food, and is liable also to diseases, which overtake and impede us in the search after true being it infuse us full of love, lusts and fears, and fancies of all kinds, and endless foolishness”.

Answer 70

Plato

Question 71

To concretize Plato’s theory, human person must (a. ___________). (b. __________) in the mind of Plato means that the mind is in communion with the universal and eternal ideas. This is the only available means for a mortal human to free himself from space-time confinement to ascend to heaven of ideas and commune with immortal, eternal, infinite, and divine truths.

Answer 71

a. contemplate b. Contemplation

Question 72

To realize one’s potential, _______ said, “everything in nature seeks to realize itself to develop its personalities and finally realize its actualities. All things have strived toward their “end”.

Answer 72

Aristotle

Question 73

Aristotle. ________ means that nothing happens by chance. It is the potentiality to be changing.

Answer 73

Entelechy

Question 74

What is the etymology of entelechy?

Answer 74

A greek word meaning "to become its essence"

Question 75

Aristotle. Nature not only has a built-in pattern, but also different levels of (a. __________). Some creatures, such as humans, have more (b. ________ than ________) and some, such as bees, have more (c. ________ than _________). Meanwhile, for the world of potential things to exist at all, there must first be something actual at a level above potential or perishing things.

Answer 75

a. being b. actuality than potentiality c. potentiality than actuality

Question 76

[Additional info:] a. Refer to the capacity, power, ability, or CHANCE for something to happen or occur. b. Refer to a potential or potentiality that has been fulfilled, MADE REAL, or brought into being.

Answer 76

a. potentiality b. actuality hazards = potentiality, disaster = actuality analogy :D

Question 77

a. Who? He was not a supporter of the bourgeoisie, nor encouraging that the Enlightenment should be thrown away. In this statement what he rejected was the concept of the (b. _____), stemming from tradition and Christianity. He was affirming that Enlightenment was a movement that deepened this concept, made it widespread in modern culture, and inhibited the ability to create the values. Regarded wrongly as the anti-enlightenment thinker. the Enlightenment’ or ‘modernity’ was not itself of central importance in his treatment of major contemporary institutions”.

Answer 77

a. Friedrich Nietzsche b. absolute

Question 78

About Self and Life. (a. _______________)’s theory of life like Nietzsche essentially lived up to the "b. ___________" that Socrates put forward.

Answer 78

a. Arthur Schopenhaeur b. "know yourself"

Question 79

Schopenhauer thought “everything in the world was an ___________".

Answer 79

appearance

Question 80

Schopenhauer's “I will” was borrowed from Kant’s “________”, think “will” is the ________of the world, will is “self”, so the ________of life should be in the “will”, rather than the “_______” to look for.

Answer 80

the thing itself; essence; meaning; rational;

Question 81

Schopenhauer reiterated that every action of the human being, like life in nature, was the result of _____.

Answer 81

will

Question 82

Schopenhauer. This “will”, was the will of life, a blind, persistent, (voluntary/involuntary) impulse.

Answer 82

involuntary impulse control

Question 83

Schopenhauer. The will of life is more precisely a kind of “________”, which is the desire, demand and pursuit of human beings. The desire of man comes from the need, and the demand indicates ________, which is the pain which cannot be satisfied.

Answer 83

intention; lack

Question 84

Schopenhauer. Human desire is ______, life is ______, even a desire and creates a new desire, so a life without happiness, even if have also just meet at the moment of the desire, transient.

Answer 84

infinite; infinite

Question 85

Schopenhauer. _______ is the root of life, and what remains after suffering is the great void. Therefore, life swings between _________, never ending.

Answer 85

Pain; boredom and pain

Question 86

Death for __________ is the aim and purpose of life, that toward which life is directed, and the denial of the individual will to life.

Answer 86

Schopenhauer

Question 87

Despite his profound pessimism, Schopenhauer vehemently rejected suicide as an __________ of the will to life by those who sought to escape rather than sought nondiscursive knowledge of “Will” in suffering.

Answer 87

unworthy affirmation

Question 88

Schopenhauer. The only manner of self-destruction for him that’s philosophically acceptable was the ______________. He said that the individual will to life was to master to refuse even the most basic desire for nourishment, and thereby passed into nonexistence in complete renunciation of the individual will.

Answer 88

ascetic saint's death by starvation

Question 89

Schopenhauer's attitude toward suicide nevertheless embodied an inconsistency. If, as Schopenhauer believed, “the aim of life is death, and death is an _____of the world as _____, then there appears to be no justification why the philosopher should not rush headlong into it - not to affirm the will to life in an abject effort to avoid suffering, but in order to fulfill life's purpose by ending it for distinctly philosophical reasons immediately upon arriving at an understanding of the _________-distinction”.

Answer 89

unreal aspect; appearance appearance-reality distinciton

Question 90

_____________’s Idea about Life. Understanding his philosophy of death hinges upon understanding the following key terms, phrases and distinctions: (i) Being-atan-end/Being-towards-and-end; (ii) Own most, non-relational, and not to be outstripped; (iii) They self/ authentic self, falling/fleeing in the face of death, anxiety/fear, potentiality-for- Being: authentic/inauthentic; (iv) mauthentIcBe1Og-towards-death/ authentic-Being-towards-death; and (v) freedom towards 'death

Answer 90

Martin Heidegger

Question 91

Martin Heidegger. The definitions of the above terms bring out the meaning of ______of ______.' Death is not conceived of as the ending of us. Dying cannot be understood as the sense of an ending, since this conception would treat humans as something ___________ which we are not.

Answer 91

Division Two Chapter One of Being and Time present-at-hand or ready-to-hand

Question 92

Martin Heidegger. The term Being-at-an-end does not mean death, instead it signifies a non-existent human. Being-towards-the-end, signifying death, refers to the __________.

Answer 92

way in which an existing human can be.

Question 93

In his (Nietzsche) article, “_______” he said: This Enlightenment must now carry further forward: humanity must not worry about the ‘great revolution’ and the ‘great reaction’ against it which have taken place - they are no more than the sporting of waves in comparison with the truly great flood which bears along! (D 197)

Answer 93

Daybreak

Question 94

Nietzsche promoted an alternative standpoint to interpret how_________: “Christian self-subjection can be a brilliant strategy for mastery, and that, as in the classical account of tyranny, mastery can be a form of______” (Pippin 272)

Answer 94

Christianity undermined modern culture; slavery