Photosynthesis

Question 1

photosynthesis

Answer 1

process that converts solar energy into chemical energy

Question 2

autotrophs

Answer 2

sustain themselves without consuming other organisms

Question 3

heterotrophs

Answer 3

obtain organic material by consuming other organisms

Question 4

chloroplasts

Answer 4

structurally similar to and probably evolved from photosynthetic bacteria

Question 5

chlorophyll

Answer 5

green pigment in chloroplasts

Question 6

how many chloroplasts in each mesophyll cell

Answer 6

30-40

Question 7

stomata

Answer 7

pores on leaf that allow passage of CO2 and O2

Question 8

thylakoid

Answer 8

stacked columns (gana) that contain chlorophyll

Question 9

stroma

Answer 9

fluid inside chloroplasts

Question 10

chemical reaction for photosynthesis

Answer 10

6CO2 + 12H2O + light -> C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2

Question 11

what is reduced in photosynthesis

Answer 11

carbon dioxide

Question 12

what is oxidized in photosynthesis

Answer 12

water

Question 13

what happens to the carbon in carbon dioxide

Answer 13

used to make glucose

Question 14

what happens to the oxygen in carbon dioxide

Answer 14

used to make glucose and water

Question 15

what happens to the hydrogen in water

Answer 15

used to make glucose and water

Question 16

what happens to oxygen in water

Answer 16

released as oxygen gas

Question 17

light reactions occur where

Answer 17

thylakoid

Question 18

what 4 things happen in the light reactions

Answer 18

split water
release oxygen
reduce NADP+ to NADPH
generate ATP from ADP via phosphorylation

Question 19

calvin cycle occurs where

Answer 19

stroma

Question 20

calvin cycle begins with

Answer 20

carbon fixation

Question 21

which color light does chlorophyll use best

Answer 21

violet-blue and red light

Question 22

what does an action spectrum show

Answer 22

how effective a wavelength is for driving a process

Question 23

photosystem

Answer 23

reaction center complex surrounded by light-harvesting complexes

Question 24

photosystem II

Answer 24

absorbs wavelength of 680nm

Question 25

photosystem I

Answer 25

absorbs wavelength of 700nm

Question 26

linear electron flow

Answer 26

primary pathway that uses both photosystems and produces ATP and NADPH

Question 27

cyclic electron flow

Answer 27

uses only photosystem I, boosts ATP production, provides energy for cytochrome complex (pumps H+ into thylakoid)

Question 28

carbon enters calvin cycle as

Answer 28

CO2

Question 29

carbon leaves calvin cycle as

Answer 29

G3P

Question 30

carbon fixation

Answer 30

rubisco combines RUBP and CO2 into 3-phosphoglycerate

Question 31

reduction phase

Answer 31

ATP gives phosphate to 3-phosphoglycerate - becomes 1-3 bisphosphoglycerate - loses phosphate and becomes G3P

Question 32

regeneration

Answer 32

5 of the G3P molecules accept phosphate to become RUBP, the other one goes towards glucose

Question 33

what conditions favor photorespiration

Answer 33

hot and dry climates

Question 34

how do C4 plantss minimize the cost of photorespiration

Answer 34

incorporating CO2 into 4-carbon compounds

Question 35

C4 plants require what enzyme

Answer 35

PEP carboxylase

Question 36

in C4 plants, what special cells are the carbon compounds transported to

Answer 36

bundle sheath cells

Question 37

how do CAM plants reduce the cost of photorespiration

Answer 37

open stomata at night to let CO2 in, store it ass organic acid; close stomata during the day, and CO2 is released as it is used in the Calvin cycle