Photosynthesis

Question 1

List types of

Autotrophs

Answer 1

Plants

Some bacteria (ex: cyanobacteria)

Algae

Question 2

Origin of

Chloroplasts

Answer 2

Endosymbiosis from cyanobacteria

Question 3

Evidence of

Endosymbiosis in chloroplasts

Answer 3

Chloroplasts have:

1. their own DNA

2. their own ribosomes

3. a double membrane

They also

4. reproduce independently of cell

Question 4

Function of

Pigments

Answer 4

Absorb light and transfer energy to electrons

Question 5

Types of

Pigments

Answer 5

Chlorophyll (a and b)

Carotenoids

Question 6

List the

Reactions in Photosynthesis

Answer 6

Light Dependent Reactions

and

Light Independent Reactions (AKA Calvin Cycle)

Question 7

Define

Electromagnetic Radiation

Answer 7

Energy that travels in waves, including visible light

Question 8

Compare

Absorption, Reflection, and Transmission

Answer 8

Energy can:

• be captured (absorption)
• bounce off (reflection) or
• go through (transmission)

Question 9

What does each color of light do with chlorophyll?

Answer 9

Red: absorbed

Blue: absorbed

Green: reflected

Question 10

Identify this structure

Answer 10

Chloroplast

Question 11

Identify this structure

Answer 11

Granum (pl: grana)

Question 12

Identify this structure

Answer 12

Chloroplast membrane

Question 13

Identify this structure

Answer 13

Thylakoid

Question 14

Identify this area

Answer 14

Thylakoid space

AKA Thylakoid lumen

Question 15

Identify this structure

Answer 15

Thylakoid membrane

Question 16

Identify this area/space

Answer 16

Stroma

Question 17

The location of

Chlorophyll

Answer 17

Embedded in the thylakoid membrane

Question 18

The location of

ATP synthase

Answer 18

Embedded in the thylakoid membrane

Question 19

The location of

Light Dependent Reactions

Answer 19

On the thylakoids

Question 20

Describe what is happening in this image

Answer 20

Red or blue light is being absorbed by the chlorophyll molecules on photosystem II.

Energy is passed to the electrons in the reaction center.

Question 21

Describe what is happening in this image

Answer 21

Energized electrons from photosystem II pass through an electron transport chain to photosystem I.

This powers the pumping of H+ (protons) from stroma to thylakoid space

Question 22

Describe what is happening in this image

Answer 22

Light is absorbed by Photosystem I and a high-energy pair of electrons move to NADP+ Reductase, which reduces NADP+ into NADPH.

Question 23

Describe what is happening in this image

Answer 23

Photosystem II replenishes its electrons by breaking water. One atom of oxygen and an H+ ion are released

2 O -> O2 (gas)

H+ remains in thylakoid space

Question 24

Describe what is happening in this image

Answer 24

Protons (H+ ions) from thylakoid space are diffusing through ATP synthase into the stroma

ATP synthase spins and produces ATP

Question 25

*Reactants of* **Light Dependent Reactions**

Answer 25

**Water** **NADP+** **ADP + P_i**

Question 26

*Products of* **Light Dependent Reactions**

Answer 26

**Oxygen** **NADPH** **ATP**

Question 27

*The location of* **The Calvin Cycle**

Answer 27

**In the stroma**

Question 28

*Outline the process of* **The Calvin Cycle**

Answer 28

1. **Fixation:** Rubisco combines CO2 with RuBP to make low energy sugar 2. **Reduction:** NADPH and ATP are oxidized and the low-energy sugars are reduced to form G3P 3. **Regeneration**: 2 G3Ps combine to form glucose. 10 G3Ps combine to form 6 RuBPs so that the cycle can continue.

Question 29

*Reactants of* **The Calvin Cycle**

Answer 29

**CO₂** **NADPH** **ATP**

Question 30

*Products of* **The Calvin Cycle**

Answer 30

**G3P (to make Glucose)** **NADP+** **ADP + P_i**

Question 31

*Overall equation for* **Photosynthesis**

Answer 31

**6 H₂O + 6 CO₂ -\> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂**

Question 32

**Describe the conversions of energy that occur throughout photosynthesis**

Answer 32

* Photosystem II * Light * Excited electrons * Electrochemical gradient * Mechanical energy (spinning of ATP synthase) * Chemical energy (ATP) * Chemical energy (G3P) * Chemical energy (glucose) * Photosystem I * Light * Excited electrons * Chemical energy (NADPH) * Chemical energy (G3P) * Chemical energy (glucose)

Question 33

**Describe the conversions of matter that occur throughout photosynthesis**

Answer 33

**Water is broken to form oxygen** **CO2 is fixed to make low- then high-energy sugars**