PHYS 2 Hepatobilliary function

Question 1

Liver physiology and role in GI function

why location is important?

main functions?

(4)

Answer 1

Question 2

cirrhosis

what is it?

most common cause?

this leads to accumulation of?

which leads to?

Answer 2

Question 3

cirrhosis can cause?

develops when? most often occurs where?

Answer 3

Question 4

changes to venous circulation associated with portal hypertension

(2)

Answer 4

Question 5

Liver dysfunction can lead to?

how?

some effects?

Answer 5

Question 6

bile produced and secreted where?

bile composition? mainly?

bile function?

(2)

Answer 6

Question 7

location of synthesis of primary bile acids?

secondary?

bile salt conjugation location?

most common bile acid?

Answer 7

Question 8

what forms micelles?

Answer 8

Question 9

bile secretion results from actions of biliary sytem organs

what are these organs?

Answer 9

Question 10

mechanism of bile secretion and absorption of bile salts.

starting with release of bile salts

what are positive regulators and what do they work on?

steps 1-5

Answer 10

Question 11

bile salts secreted where?

canalicular bile secreted by ductule cells in response to?

Answer 11

Question 12

bile salts recirculated to liver via what circulation not the portal vein different name

synthesis happens why?

Answer 12

Question 13

uptake of bile salts across basolateral membrane of hepatocytes mediated by what? (2)

Answer 13

Question 14

transporters at the hepatocyte and enterocyte

Answer 14

Question 15

where is bile reabsorbed? what type of transport at each?

most important part?

how much excreted in feces?

Answer 15

Question 16

relationship between rates of bile acid synthesis and secretion?

why?

whats inhibited?

interruption of enterohepatic circulation?

example?

Answer 16

ileal resection

Question 17

bile secretion via two mechanisms

almost all bile formation is driven by?

a small portion stimulated by?

secretion of bile acids accompanied by?

canalicular bile is primarily an ( )

Secretin stimulates what? this results in an increase of what? decrease in?

Answer 17

Question 18

bile flow between digestion?

on eating?

Answer 18

Question 19

bilirubin production and excretion

start with?

to bilirubin?

bloodstream?

liver? jaundice why?

bile?

reabsorbed?

excreted?

Answer 19

urobilinogen in pee

Question 20

Answer 20

Question 21

jaundice

sign of what?

signs/symptoms?

what allows quantitation of jaundice?

this is expressed in what three ways?

Answer 21

Question 22

unconjugated vis conjugated?

5 known hereditary defects in bilirubin metabolism

other problem that can happen? in conjugated jaundice

Answer 22

Question 23

hemolytic anemia

due to?

will lead to?

this causes?

Answer 23

Question 24

physiological neonatal jaundice

what type of bilirubin?

when?

2 main causes?

signs?

Answer 24

Question 25

Gilbert syndrome what type of bilirubin? mild/severe? episodes happen when? mutation in? enzyme? activity level? what else may be impaired? signs symptoms of 30%

Answer 25

Question 26

other disease that has to do with mutation in gene that code for UDP Glucuronyltransferase? type of bilirubin? two types? which is more severe?

Answer 26

Question 27

Crigler-Najjar syndrome type 1 starts when? how much function of enzyme? high levels can cause what? this is called? what helps treat?

Answer 27

Question 28

neurologic dysfunction due to bilirubin is called? permanent or reversible? develops when? major clinical features include? damages what

Answer 28

neurons astrocytes microglia oligodendrocytes

Question 29

Crigler-Najjar syndrome type 2 starts when? function of enzyme? develop kernicterus? survive until?

Answer 29

Question 30

treatments for Crigler-Najjar syndrome 3 then one each for type 1 and 2

Answer 30

Question 31

increased conjugated bilirubin without elevation of liver enzymes? defect in ability to? mutation in? jaundice mild or severe? made worse by? what else is different with liver?

Answer 31

Question 32

buildup of both unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin in blood? majority is? gene mutations in? liver color?

Answer 32

Question 33

bilirubin metabolism disorders problem from blood into the liver? problem with UGT1A1? problem with MRP2?

Answer 33

Question 34

Primary treatment in neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia? newborn with serum biliribun \> ? works how?

Answer 34

Question 35

gallstones occur when? causes? look of pigment vs cholesterol

Answer 35

Question 36

different spots gallstones can get stuck? and size

Answer 36

Question 37

liver function tests why is this name off? include what tests? reference ranges?

Answer 37

Question 38

Biochemical tests liver enzymes commonly measured? pattern may suggest underlying cause? hepatocyte injury? bile duct injury?

Answer 38

Question 39

function tests abnormal what might be seen as imparied hepatic synthetic function? (3) Bilirubin: in part measures liver's ability to?

Answer 39

Question 40

function tests albumin: what will reduce level of albumin? one thing that does this? Hypoalbuminemia can be seen when? PT: degree of hepatic? increases as what? what correlates with severity of hepatic dysfunction?

Answer 40

Question 41

liver modifies drugs or toxic substances through the what? Liver enzymes can modify what? PHase 1? PHase II?

Answer 41

first pass metabolism