PHYS 3 Digestion and absorption in the GI tract

Question 1

structure of intestinal mucosa

ideal for?

lumen of small intestine arranged in?

what else increase surface area?

longest in?

Answer 1

Question 2

what is brush border?

site for?

barrier for?

Answer 2

Question 3

cell types of intestinal epithelium

(3)

E- function? turnover? susceptible to?

GC- secrete what? this does what?

PC- do what?

Answer 3

Question 4

routes of passage into enterocytes?

Major mechanism for uptake of protein?

other 3?

Answer 4

Question 5

solutes moving across enterocyte encounter?

some of the layers?

Answer 5

Question 6

adaptations in digestion maintain?

Answer 6

in certain problems such as small bowel resection their are adaptions that allow things to continue smoothly. Adaption though is limited such as vit B12 absorption with a terminal ileum resection

genetic abnormalities also exist that distrub adaptability

Question 7

major sugars in human diet?

primary?

secondary?

cellulose?

Answer 7

Question 8

carbohydrate digestion locations?

enzyme?

starch goes to?

Answer 8

Question 9

Maltose goes to?

trehalose to?

lactose?

sucrose?

enzymes?

Answer 9

Question 10

Absorption

what mechanisms?

what creates concentration gradient?

glucose transporter? type of transport?

fructose? type of transporter?

galactose transporter? type?

Into the blood transporter?

know important transporter for galactose absorption

Answer 10

Question 11

lactose intolerance

what is it?

caused by?

this holds what in lumen? causing?

ferments into?

Answer 11

Question 12

test of CHO assimilation

how?

should pee out how much?

Answer 12

Question 13

protein digestion

types of enzymes? (2)

what does each hydrolyze?

example of each?

Answer 13

Question 14

protein digestion

locations

S: what is secreted here? activated how?

how much % protein breakdown?

essential?

Answer 14

Question 15

protein digestion

locations

P: breaks proteins into?

enzymes?

each does what?

Answer 15

Question 16

protein digestion

locations?

SI: enzymes?

what are absorbed into enterocytes?

Answer 16

Question 17

Protein digestion

pancreatic zymogens

activated by?

Answer 17

Question 18

protein absorption

type of transporter for AA?

for di and tri peptides?

into the blood how?

Answer 18

Question 19

Deficiency of pancreatic enzymes or defect in transporters of intestinal epithelial cells?

(5)

Answer 19

Question 20

Chronic pancreatitis and cystic fibrosis

cause?

Congenital trypsin absence?

why?

Answer 20

all gone since trypsin needs to activate others

Question 21

Cystinuria

caused by?

Answer 21

Question 22

Hartnup disease

whats the problem?

symptoms resemble?

recessive dom?

symptoms?

Answer 22

Question 23

Cystic fibrosis

whats the problem?

Answer 23

Question 24

fat digestion

complicated by?

what emulsify?

Answer 24

Question 25

Fat digestion locations? S: what enzymes? what emulsifies here? % TAG digestion? what allows more time in stomach?

Answer 25

stomach small intestine

Question 26

Fat digestion SI: % lipid digestion? what emulsify? what completes digestion?

Answer 26

Question 27

fat absorption steps 1-5 lack of what leads to no lipid absorption? problems arise where? these can all lead to?

Answer 27

Pancreatic enzyme secretions * Bile acid secretion * Emulsification * Micelle formation * Diffusion of lipids into intestinal epithelial cells * Chylomicron formation * Transfer of chylomicrons into lymph lead to Steatorrhea

Question 28

failure to secrete proper amounts of pancreatic enzymes? Zollinger-Ellison? Pancreatitis? impaired what secretions? One overlying theme?

Answer 28

Question 29

deficiency of bile salts interferes with? factors that cause a deficit? (2) why?

Answer 29

Question 30

loss or decreased number of intestinal epithelial cells is called what? cause? reduced? what is impaired? nutritional deficiencies? major symptom? treatment?

Answer 30

Question 31

Celica sprue what is it? type of disorder? malabsorption related to? most common in? symptoms? management?

Answer 31

Question 32

Small intestine bacterial overgrowth what is it? symptoms? result in? enzymes that are messed up? test for it how?

Answer 32

Question 33

vitamin absorption Fat-soluble how? water-soluble how? except? this is how?

Answer 33

Question 34

vitamin B12 functions metabolic functions? coenzyme? cofactor?

Answer 34

Question 35

pernicious anemia caused by? other heme disorders due to vitamin B12 deficiency?

Answer 35

Question 36

pernicious anemia stomach does not produce enough? common causes?

Answer 36

Question 37

surgical implications of vitamin B12 absorption two procedures that can affect vitamin b12 absorption?

Answer 37

Question 38

Calcium absorption depends on presence of? absorbed across what? in small intestine? what also govern calcium absorption?

Answer 38

Question 39

vitamin D absorption defficiency results in? can cause? how absorbed?

Answer 39

Question 40

iron absorption liver secretes? into what? enters? what binds iron? what else forms? this gets uptook how?

Answer 40

Question 41

Fe absorption schematic

Answer 41

Question 42

generally what gets absorbed? unique in a specific part?

Answer 42

only thing in graph that is not just small intestine in ileum for bile salts and water-soluble vitamins/b12