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Pathology I > Physical and Chemical Injuries > Flashcards

Physical and Chemical Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

what is linea alba and what is it associated with

A
  • common alteration on the buccal mucosa
  • associated with pressure or frictional irritation
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2
Q

what are the clinical features of linea alba

A

-bilateral white line at the level of the occlusal plane
- may appear scalloped
- common

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3
Q

what is the tx for linea alba

A

not indicated

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4
Q

what are the other names for chronic mucosal chewing

A
  • moriscatio buccarum
  • moriscatio laborium
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5
Q

when is chronic mucosal chewing observed

A

stress/psychologic

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6
Q

what are the clinical features of chronic mucosal chewing

A
  • thickened, shredded white areas
  • most common on buccal mucosa
  • may have areas of erythema or ulceration
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7
Q

what is the treatment for chornic mucosal chewing

A

not indicated

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8
Q

what is traumatic ulceration caused by

A

acute or chronic injuries such as sharp cusp on tooth

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9
Q

what are iatrogenic ulcers

A

ulcers caused by medical intervention such as trauma from dental instrument

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10
Q

what are the clinical features of traumatic ulcerations

A
  • most commmon on tongue, lips, buccal mucosa
  • area of erythema and fibrinous exudate
  • often appears crater like
  • may have hyperkeratotic collar
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11
Q

what is the differential dx for traumatic ulceration

A
  • deep fungal infection
  • syphilitic ulcer
  • squamous cell carcinoma
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12
Q

what is the tx for traumatic ulceration

A
  • remove source of irritation if present
  • biopsy for longstanding lesions
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13
Q

what makes the histopathology of TUGSE unique

A

lots of eosinophils

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14
Q

electrical burns are ______ of all burn admissions in the hospital

A

5%

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15
Q

what are the clinical feautres of electrical burns

A
  • most common site in adults: hands
  • most common sites in kids: oral cavity- lips most frequent
  • charred areas that become necrotic
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16
Q

why do you need to treat electrical burns with cosmetic surgery

A

microstomia can occur

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17
Q

what is the differnetial dx for chronic mucosal chewing

A

candidiasis

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18
Q

what do thermal burns occur from

A

hot foods and beverages

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19
Q

what are the clinical features of thermal burns

A
  • most common on palate or posterior buccal mucosa
  • zones of erythema and ulceration
  • necrotic epithelium
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20
Q

what is the tx for electrical and thermal burns

A
  • prophylactic antibiotic for severe cases
  • appliances to prevent microstomia
  • surgical intervention
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21
Q

what do chemicals and drugs placed in the oral cavity cause

A

caustic injuries

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22
Q

what chemicals and drugs are placed in the oral cavity that are dental related

A

silver nitrate
- formocresol
- sodium hypochlorite
- acid etch materials

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23
Q

what can aspirin chemical burns cause

A

mucosal necrosis

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24
Q

what is the clinical presentation of an aspirin chemical burn

A
  • white areas of epithelial necrosis
  • may slough off
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25
Q

what is the tx for chemical burns from aspirin

A

prevent exposure, limit use

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26
Q

what is the clinical presentation of oral trauma from sexual acts

A
  • palatal petechiae
  • fibrous hyperplasia
27
Q

what is the differential dx for oral trauma from sexual acts

A
  • trauma
  • violent coughing
    -platelet abnormalities
  • viral infections- mononucleosis
27
Q

what is the tx for oral trauma from sexual acts

A

not indicated

28
Q

what is an amalgam tatoo

A

implantation of dental amalgam in oral mucosa

29
Q

what are the ways amalgam tatoos can be incorporated

A
  • after restorative procedure
  • fractured amalgam restorations
  • contaminated dental floss
  • endodontic treatment
30
Q

what is the differential dx for amalgam tatoo

A

melanotic macule
- melanoma
- tattoos
- graphite

31
Q

what is the tx for amalgam tatoo

A

none if diagnosis confirmed
- otherwise biopsy if indicated

32
Q

what are the oral complications of cancer therapy

A
  • anticancer therapy may result in damage to normal tissue
  • oral cavity is a common site for cancer complications
  • related to radiation and chemotherapy
33
Q

what are the clinical features of oral complications of cancer therapy

A
  • mucositis
  • hemorrhage
  • xerostomia
34
Q

describe mucositis in complications of cancer therapy

A
  • 80% of patients treated with head and neck radiaiton
  • atrophic mucosa- ulcerations and epithelial necrosis
  • edema and erythema
35
Q

what is the treatment for mucositis

A

topical anesthetics, pain medications, coating agents

36
Q

describe hemorrhage as a complication of cancer therapy

A
  • usually secondary to thrombocytopenia
  • develops from bone marrow suppression
37
Q

describe xerostomia as a complication of cancer therapy

A
  • salivary galnds are sensitive to radiation therapy
  • ## xerostomia related caries
38
Q

what is the tx for xerostomia

A

sugarless candy, medications, fluoride trays

39
Q

what SE is common with xerostomia

A

halitosis

40
Q

which glands are affected more from radiation: mucous or serous

A

serous- such as parotid

41
Q

what medications cause gingival hyperplasia and what are they each prescribed for

A
  • phenytoin: anti seizure medication
  • nifedipine: calcium channel blocker
  • cyclosporine: immunosuppressant
42
Q

what is the clinical presentation of drug related gingival hyperplasia

A
  • gingival enlargement originates in the interdental papillae
  • spreads across tooth surface
  • edentulous areas usually not affected
43
Q

what is the tx for drug related gingival hyperplasia

A
  • discontinue of offending medication
  • oral hygiene
  • surgery
44
Q

what are the other names for denture epulis

A
  • epulis fissuratum
  • inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia
45
Q

what is the clinical presentation of denture epulis

A
  • folds of hyperplastic tissue in alveolar vestibule
  • firm and fibrous
  • may be erythematous
46
Q

what is the tx for denture epulis

A
  • surgical removal
  • denture should be remade or relined
47
Q

when does submucosal hemorrhage arise

A

from traumatic event resulting in hemorhhage within tissues

48
Q

what are the non traumatic causes of submucosal hemorrhage

A
  • anticoagulant therapy
  • thrombocytopenia
  • viral infections
  • hemorrhagic disease
49
Q

what are the clinical features of submucosal hemorrhage

A
  • petechiae
  • purpura
  • ecchymosis
  • hematoma
50
Q

what are petechiae

A

minute hemorrhages on skin or mucosa

51
Q

what are purpura

A

slightly larger area of hemorrhage 4-10mm

52
Q

what are ecchymosis

A

hemorrhage greater than 1 cm

53
Q

what is a hematoma

A

hemorrhage that produces a large mass

54
Q

what is the treatment for submucosal hemorrhage

A
  • may resolve spontaneously
  • directed at treating the underlying cause
55
Q

what medications cause drug related discoloration

A
  • minocycline
  • AIDS medications
  • estrogen
  • ketoconazole
56
Q

what are the clinical features of drug related discolorations

A
  • diffuse melanosis of mucosal surfaces
  • most common in females because of interaction with sex hormones
57
Q

what is the treatment of drug related discolorations

A

discontinue medication usually results in regression over time

58
Q

where does drug related discoloration occur usually

A

at the MGJ as a dark band

59
Q

what is myospherulosis

A

-topical antibiotic in petroleum base produced a foreign body reaction
- surgical extraction site

60
Q

what are the clinical features of myospherulosis

A
  • extraction surgical site- mandibular molars
  • occasional facial swelling
  • radiograph - circumscribed radioluceny
61
Q

what is the tx for myospherulosis

A

surgical removal

62
Q

what is the histopathology for myospherulosis

A

circular cyst like structure that looks like a “bag of marbles” and is brown

Pathology I (24 decks)

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