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Science 391 > Physical and Chemical Properties > Flashcards

Physical and Chemical Properties Flashcards

1
Q

Element

A

an atom with a unique number of protons in its nucleus

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2
Q

Mixture

A

a substance with atoms, molecules, or particles of two or more components mixed but not chemically combined

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3
Q

Flammability

A

how likely something is to catch fire

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4
Q

Physical Change

A

a change in the appearance of a material with no change to its chemical composition
Ex: phase change (water boiling)

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5
Q

Chemical Change

A

a change that alters the chemical composition of a material
Ex: digestion (carbs breaking down into sugar)

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6
Q

Electrical Insulator

A

A substance that slows or stops electricity flow
Ex: glass, air

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7
Q

Ground

A

the lowest potential, or voltage, in a circuit
Ex: negative battery terminal

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8
Q

Nucleus (of the Atom)

A

the small, positively charged core of an atom. It is made up of protons and neutrons.

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9
Q

Phase Change

A

a change of state of a substance

Ex: gas to liquid

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10
Q

Molecular Bond / Covalent Bond

A

a chemical bond that happens when two non-metal atoms share their outer electrons.

Electrons are shared between atoms

IS SHARING
Ex: bond between carbon and oxygen (CO2)

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11
Q

Thermal Conductivity

A

how well a material conducts heat

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12
Q

Conduction

A

the transfer of heat between two objects.

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13
Q

Pure Substance

A

a substance that consists of only one type of atom or molecule
Ex: helium gas

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14
Q

Luster

A

the power of a mineral’s surface to reflect light; can be metallic, submetallic, or nonmetallic.

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15
Q

Filtration

A

Separation using a medium that retains solid particles but allows liquid to flow through.

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16
Q

Electrical Conductor

A

a material, often metal, through which electrons can move freely
Ex: Copper wire

17
Q

Solid

A

A state of matter with particles fixed and packed closely together; has a shape and volume.
Ex: Ice

18
Q

Hardness

A

the mineral’s scratch resistance on the Mohs scale, where talc, the softest mineral, scores 1 and diamond, the hardest mineral, scores 10.
Ex: diamond is hard, talc is soft

19
Q

Homogeneous Mixture

A

a mixture with the same ratio of parts throughout the mixture
Ex: salt dissolves in water

20
Q

Distillation

A

A way to clean a liquid by heating it until it turns into a gas and then condensing it into a different container.

21
Q

Electrical Conductivity

A

how well a material conducts electricity; a physical property of matter

22
Q

Conservation of Matter

A

Matter cannot be created or destroyed; it only changes form
Ex: Chemical reaction

23
Q

Magnetism

A

how a mineral reacts to magnets.

24
Q

Chemical Properties

A

properties observed only when substances interact to form a new substance

25
Q

Density

A

the amount of mass present in a given volume. Reflection of how tightly packed the atoms are.
Ex: Water has a density of 1 gram per cubic centimeter.

26
Q

Solvent

A

a substance that makes other substances dissolve
Ex: if salt is dissolved in water, water is the solvent.

27
Q

Ground State

A

layout of electrons in an atom with the least amount of energy

28
Q

Compound

A

groups of two or more different elements held together by ionic or molecular bonds
Ex: NaCl and H2O

29
Q

Atom

A

he smallest unit of an element that has properties of that element

30
Q

Chemical Reaction

A

Rearranges the atomic bonds between atoms, to form a new substance

31
Q

Ionic Bond

A

a chemical link formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another.

Electrons are removed from one atom and given to an atom of another element.

IS TAKING

32
Q

Ferromagnetic Materials

A

Permanently magnetic materials consisting of iron, often mixed with cobalt, nickel, or alnico.
Ex: steel

33
Q

Molecule

A

A molecule is a group of two or more atoms that are held together by a molecular bond.

34
Q

Heterogeneous Mixture

A

a blend that isn’t mixed evenly
Ex: granola with raisins at the bottom

35
Q

Solution

A

Homogeneous mixtures. One substance dissolves in another.
Ex: simple syrup (sugar and water)

36
Q

Solute

A

The material that is dissolved in the solvent

In a solution, you pUT the solUTe into the solvent.
Ex:The sugar in lemonade

37
Q

Sublimation

A

Pure solid changes directly to a gas

Science 391 (19 decks)

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