Physical Development and Health Flashcards
(49 cards)
The brain is only about ___% of its adult weight at birth; by the time a child reaches age 2, it has reached nearly ___% of its adult weight.
- 25%
- 80%
Brain growth is due less to the addition of new neurons than to an __________________ and interconnections and to the formation of ________ cells, which are responsible for the myelinization of the nerve fibers.
- Increase in neuronal size
- Glial
By about age ___, the brain has reached its full adult weight.
16.
During the first few monts of life, the _____________ and ____________ areas of the cortex undergo substantial development, while the _____________ cortex continues to mature through hildhood and adolescence.
- Primary motor
- Sensory
- Pre-frontal
Cortical development reflects the ___________________ (head to tail) and _______________________ (center to extremities) pattern that characterizes all physical growth.
- Cephalocaudal
- Proximodistal
By about age ___, the brain starts to gradually shrink as the result of a loss of neurons, and there is an acceleration of this brain atrophy after age ___.
- 30
- 60
Changes in the aging brain include:
- Development of senile ___________
- Enlargement of the ventricles
- Reduced ________________
- Decrease in the level of some neurotransmitters
- Plaques
- Blood flow to the brain
Bonus: The brain attempts to compensate for neuronal loss by developing new connections between the remaining neurons.
New neurons develop during the adult years in some areas of the brain, including the ______________ and _________________.
- Hippocampus
- Cerebral cortex
_________________ Reflex: Toes fan out and upward when the soles of the feet are tickled.
Babinski.
__________________ Reflex: Turns head in the direction of touch applied to the cheek.
Rooting.
_____________ Reflex: Flings arms and legs outward and then toward the body in response to a loud noise or sudden loss of physical support.
Moro (Startle).
_________________ Reflex: Makes coordinated walking movement when held upright with feet touching flat surface.
Stepping (Walking).
___________________ is useful for studying perceptual abilities of infants aged 1-4 months.
High-amplitude sucking.
__________________ is used to study perceptual development in infants aged 12 weeks and older.
Reaching.
____________________ is a good measure of perceptual abilities in infants aged 5.5 to 12 months of age.
Head turning.
____________ and ______________ rates are considered useful measures of perceptual development across a wide range of ages.
- Heart
- Respiration
__________________ and _________________ are two of the strategies researchers use to evaluate the perception, memory, and other abilities of newborns.
- Habituation
- Dishabituation
____________________ occurs when the infant’s response to a stimulus decreases when the stimulus is repeatedly presented.
Habituation.
_________________ occurs when the infant’s responsivity increases following a change in a stimulus.
Dishabituation.
_____________________ is the least developed of the senses at birth.
Vision.
By about _____________, an infant’s visual acuity is close to that of a normal adult.
6 months.
Babies develop sensitivity to the following depth cues in what order?
___ Pictorial Cues
___ Kinetic Cues
___ Binocular Cues
- Kinetic Cues
- Binocular Cues
- Pictorial Cues
Newborns begin to prefer looking at faces by ___ to ___ days after birth; by ___ months, they prefer the face of their mother to that of unfamiliar women.
- 2 to 5
- 2 months
Some ______________________ is evident shortly after birth, seems to disappear between 2 and 4 months, and then reappears and improves during the rest of the 1st year.
Auditory localization.
