Physical threat space

Question 1

Define safety

Answer 1

the condition of being protected from or unlikely to cause danger, risk, or injury.

Question 2

Define Security

Answer 2

the state of being free from danger or threat.

Guard against the loss of life?

Maintain the normal state of society? Whatever that is

Protect the vital machinery of the society? The Critical National Infrastructure

Mitigate the risks

Protect societal ideals

Question 3

Define threat

Answer 3

Is what we try to protect against:

• A statement of an intention to inflict pain, injury, damage, or other hostile action
  on someone in retribution for something done or not done.
• A person or thing likely to cause damage or danger.
• Anything that can exploit a vulnerability, intentionally or accidentally, and obtain,
  damage, or destroy an asset.

Question 4

Define vulnerability

Answer 4

A vulnerability is a weakness or gap in our protection efforts.

• The degree of loss resulting from the occurrence of the phenomenon. Weaknesses or gaps in a security programme that can be exploited by threats to gain unauthorized access to an asset.

Question 5

Define Risk

Answer 5

A situation involving exposure to danger. The potential for loss, damage or destruction of an asset as a result of a threat
exploiting a vulnerability.

Risk is the intersection of assets, threats, and vulnerabilities.

Question 6

Define Hazard

Answer 6

The probability of occurrence of a potentially damaging phenomenon

Question 7

What is a risk matrix?

Answer 7

A risk matrix is a matrix that is used during risk assessment to define the level of risk by considering the category of probability or likelihood against the category of consequence

This is a simple mechanism to increase visibility of risks and assist management decision making. Risk is the lack of certainty about the outcome of making a particular choice.

Question 8

Axis of risk matrix?

Answer 8

x = likelihood
y = impact

Question 9

Threat space levels (6)

Answer 9

Cellular
Individual
Groups of individuals
Nation States
Global
Space

Question 10

What is the balance of security (7)

Answer 10

• Freedom of movement of the individual

• Protection of privacy and personal data
ownership

• The presumption of innocence
• The control of risk perception within society
• Implementation costs
• The development of trust between states
• Security practices should be based on evidence not prejudice

Question 11

Cardinal point specifications - 5 S’s

Answer 11

Specificity
Selectivity
Sensitivity
Speed of response
Stability

Question 12

Cardinal point specifications - Specificity define

Answer 12

The ability to detect the target analyte and no other

Question 13

Cardinal Point Specifications - Selectivity define

Answer 13

ability to detect analyte in a sample containing other admixtures and contaminates

Question 14

Cardinal Point Specifications - sensitivity define

Answer 14

minimum amount of analyte that can be detected with confidence - limit of detection

Question 15

Cardinal Point Specifications - speed of response

Answer 15

time take to collect, analyse, determine agent of concern and produce a warning

Question 16

Cardinal Point Specifications - stability define

Answer 16

susceptibility to ambient disturbances in and around detection system - operating parameters eg temperature, humidity, pressure etc

Question 17

5 R’s

Answer 17

reproducibility
repeatability
reliability
range
resolution

Question 18

5R’s - reproducibility define

Answer 18

ability to generate 2 identical results for a duplicate setup - precision and accuracy of sensor, ability to produce a mean value close to the true mean value when measured more than once.

Question 19

5R’s repeatability - define

Answer 19

ability of a senor to repeat a measurement when put back into same environment

Question 20

5R’s reliability - define

Answer 20

how it reacts to harsh environments without the need for maintenance

Question 21

5R’s range - define

Answer 21

max/min distance from sample system needs to work

Question 22

5R’s resolution

Answer 22

ability to detect small differences

Question 23

Other factors for sensor choice

Answer 23

Low false positive rate
multi analyte detection
continuous/batch sensing
ease of operations
ease of manufacture
SWAP - size, weight and power
Cost - whole life
Obsolescence