Protection

Question 1

Routes of entry into the body

Answer 1

Respiratory
Percutaneous (skin)
Ocular
Ingestion
injection

Question 2

Penetration equation

Answer 2

concentration of harmful substances under a mask/ concentration outside the mask

Question 3

Efficiency equation

Answer 3

( (concentration outside the mask) - (the concentration of harmful substances under
mask) ) / (concentration outside the mask)
OR
1 – Penetration

Question 4

Limitations of personal masks

Answer 4

Particle filters
do not protect against gases or vapours
become clogged making breathing difficult and therefore create seal leaks

Gas/Vapour filters
do not protect against particles
have limited capacity so after time provide no protection called breakthrough

Filters do not protect against oxygen deficient environments

Self contained breathing apparatus protect against everything, but are bulky, expensive and need significant specialist training.

Question 5

Types of individual respiration protection

Answer 5

respirators (air purifying):
unpowered - half, full, and disposable filtering half, mask
powered - half, full face, helmet/hood

Breathing apparatus (air supplied)

Question 6

Activated charcoal

Answer 6

type of gas purifying system
hard, stable and good absorptive properties
large surface area (700 sq m per gram)

limitations
breakthrough and fails in presence of water vapour

Question 7

Factors for consideration with individual masks

Answer 7

work rate
wear time
abnormal humidity/temperature
facial hair

Question 8

Types of PPE?

Answer 8

clothing
goggles
helmets
respirators
skin protection
eye protection
hearing protection
bomb disposal suits

Question 9

Collective protection

Answer 9

buildings, vehicles, ships, tents, planes etc Person occupied assets

Question 10

Factors to consider during a chemical hazard

Answer 10

low vapour pressure
low surface energies
use of additives
rate of absorption and desorption

Question 11

Collective protection basic concepts

Answer 11

provide contamination free environment
allow relief from wearing PPE
overpressure and filtration are the driving approaches
filter incoming air and maintain an internal over pressure to keep out contaminants

Question 12

Tech for immune buildings

Answer 12

Advanced filtration
Decontamination
Real time neutralisation