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Physics Vocabulary > Physics 111 > Flashcards

Physics 111 Flashcards

1
Q

the diameter of the piezoelectric element(s) producing the beam

A

Aperture

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2
Q

the transducer with multiple active elements

A

Array

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3
Q

same as real-time ultrasound

A

Automatic Scanning

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4
Q

the ability to accurately identify reflectors that are arranged parallel to the ultrasound beam

A

Axial resolution

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5
Q

the damping material of the transducer assembly, which reduces the number of cycles produced in a pulse

A

Backing material

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6
Q

the range of frequencies present within the beam

A

Bandwidth

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7
Q

occurs when in-phase waves meet; the amplitudes of the two waves are added to form one large wave

A

Constructive Interference

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8
Q

ability to differentiate one shade the of gray from another

A

Contrast resolution

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9
Q

a synonym for the active element of the transducer, the piezoelectric part of the transducer assembly that produces sound

A

Crystal

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10
Q

piezoelectric properties the temperature at which an ultrasound transducer will gain its, and also the temperature at which a transducer will lose the ability to produce sound if heated again above this temperature

A

Curie point

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11
Q

the transducer commonly referred to as a curvilinear or convex probe

A

Curved sequenced array

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12
Q

the process of reducing the number of cycles of each pulse in order to improve axial resolution

A

Damping

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13
Q

same as backing material; the part of transducer assembly that reduces the number of cycles produced in a pulse

A

Damping material

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14
Q

the inability to determine the depth of the reflector if the pulses are sent out too fast for them to be timed

A

Depth ambiguity

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15
Q

occurs when out-of-phase waves meet; the amplitude of the resultant wave is smaller than either of the original waves

A

Destructive Interference

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16
Q

spreading of the beam that occurs in the far zone

A

Divergence

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17
Q

the piezoelectric part of the transducer assembly that produces sound

A

Element

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18
Q

the third dimension of the beam

A

Elevational plane

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19
Q

the resolution in the third dimension of the beam; the slice-thickness plane

A

Elevational resolution

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20
Q

the diverging part of the beam distal to the focal point

A

Far zone

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21
Q

the area of the beam with the smallest beam diameter

A

Focal point

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22
Q

the portion of the transducer that is in contact with the patient’s skin

A

Footprint

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23
Q

three-dimensional ultrasound in real time

A

Four-dimensional ultrasound

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24
Q

one complete ultrasound image

A

Frame

25
Q

the number of frames per second

A

Frame rate

26
Q

the diverging part of the beam distal to the focal point

A

Fraunhofer zone

27
Q

the number of cycles per second

A

Frequency

28
Q

the part of the beam between the element and the focal point

A

Fresnel zone

29
Q

states that waves are the result of the interference of many wavelets produced at the face of the transducer

A

Huygen’s principle

30
Q

waves whose peaks and troughs overlap

A

In-phase

31
Q

the ability to accurately identify reflectors that are arranged perpendicular to the ultrasound beam

A

Lateral resolution

32
Q

the man-made ceramic of which many transducer elements are made; abbreviated PZT

A

Lead zirconate titanate

33
Q

the transducer commonly referred to as the linear probe or transducer

A

Linear sequenced array

34
Q

the component of the transducer that is used to step down the impedance from that of the element to that of the patient’s skin

A

Matching layer

35
Q

transducer that acquires real-time volumes using up to 10,000 elements, compared to the 128 to 512 elements used in standard 1D array transducers

A

Matrix array transducer

36
Q

transducers with a motor for steering the beam

A

Mechanical scanheads

37
Q

the part of the beam between the element and the focal point

A

Near zone

38
Q

the length of the region from the transducer face to the focal point

A

Near-zone length

39
Q

waves that are 180° opposite each other; the peak of one wave overlaps the trough of the other and vice versa

A

out-of-phase

40
Q

the transducer that uses phasing, or small time differences, to steer and focus the beam

A

Phased array

41
Q

the method of focusing and/or steering the beam by applying electrical impulses to the piezoelectric elements with small time differences between shocks

A

Phasing

42
Q

the ability to convert pressure into electricity and electricity into pressure

A

Piezoelectric

43
Q

a measure of beam purity; the operating frequency of the transducer divided by the bandwidth

A

Quality factor (Q-factor)

44
Q

the ability to determine how far away a reflector is so it can be displayed on the screen; without range resolution there is depth ambiguity

A

Range resolution

45
Q

live ultrasound, also known as automatic scanning

A

Real time

46
Q

to alternatively expand and contract

A

Resonate

47
Q

created when one or more pulses of sound return from the tissue containing information related to the depth and amplitude of the reflectors

A

Scan lines

48
Q

the third dimension of the beam

A

Section-thickness plane

49
Q

the ability of a system to display low-level or weak echoes

A

Sensitivity

50
Q

the third dimension of the beam

A

Slice-thickness plane

51
Q

the length of the pulse

A

Spatial pulse length

52
Q

the ability of the system to distinguish between closely spaced objects; refers to axial, lateral, contrast, and elevational resolution

A

Spatial resolution

53
Q

allows the user to see width, height, and depth; may also be referred to as volume scanning

A

Three-dimensional ultrasound

54
Q

ability to display moving structures in real time; also known as frame rate

A

Temporal resolution

55
Q

any device that converts one form of energy into another; may also refer to the part of the ultrasound machine that produces sound

A

Transducer

56
Q

component of the backing material

A

Tungsten

57
Q

the leading edge of a wave which is perpendicular to the direction of the propagating wave; formed as a result of Huygen’s principle

A

Wavefront

58
Q

a small wave created as a result of Huygen’s principle

A

Wavelet

Physics Vocabulary (6 decks)

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