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Physics Vocabulary > Physics 111 Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Physics 111 Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

A wave is a traveling variation in quantities called wave________________

A

variables

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2
Q

Ultrasound is sound with a frequency greater than

A

20,000

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3
Q

Ultrasound is sound with a frequency greater than

A

20,000 Hz

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4
Q

______________ is the time it takes for one cycle to occur.

A

Time

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5
Q

Wavelength is the length of _____________ over which one cycle occurs.

A

Space

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6
Q

Sound requires a ______________ through which to travel.

A

Medium

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7
Q

Stiffer media have _______________ sound speeds

A

Higher

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8
Q

Propagation speed is primarily determined by the ______________ of the medium.

A

Stiffness

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9
Q

Ultrasound pulses contain a range of frequencies called the _______________.

A

Bandwidth

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10
Q

Regions of lower pressure and density are called

A

rarefactions

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11
Q

________________ area even and odd multiples of the fundamental frequency

A

Harmonics

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12
Q

Doppler ultrasound pulses are typically _________ cycles long

A

5-30

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13
Q

The fraction of time that pulsed ultrasound is on is called

A

Duty Factor

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14
Q

The rate at which energy passes through a unity area is called

A

Intensity

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15
Q

As sound travels, the reduction of amplitude and intensity of the wave is called

A

attenuation

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16
Q

The average propagation speed in human soft tissue is ________________

A

1540m/s

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17
Q

If you switch to a lower frequency for penetration, the wavelength of the transducer ______________

A

Increases

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18
Q

1000 Hz is equal to _______________ kHz

A

1

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19
Q

If the beam power increases, intensity ___________________

A

Increases

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20
Q

If the beam area decreases, the intensity ___________

A

Increases

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21
Q

Attenuation increases with increasing ___________

A

Frequency

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22
Q

For perpendicular incidence, the incidence angle is______________

A

0

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23
Q

The ______________ _____________ is the number of pulses that occur in single second

A

Pulse repetition frequency

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24
Q

If the number of cycle in a pulse is reduced, the pulse duration _______________

A

is decreased

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25
Q

Amplitude and Intensity are indicators of the the sound wave’s _________________

A

strength

26
Q

Duty factors for sonography are typically in the range of _____________________

A

0.1% - 1.0%

27
Q

Impedance in equal to density multiplied by ______________

A

propagation speed

28
Q

The unit for impedance is

A

rayl

29
Q

If the propagation speed through the second medium is greater than through the first medium, the transmission angle is ______________

A

greater than the incidence angle

30
Q

What does 3 dB of attenuation mean?

A

One half the original intensity

31
Q

Lateral position errors occur on an image due to sound _______________

A

refraction

32
Q

The proportion of intensity to amplitude is

A

squared

33
Q

What units are used to quantify attenuation?

A

dB

34
Q

If intensity reflection coefficient increases, intensity transmission coefficient _________________

A

decreases

35
Q

In oblique incidence, the ___________ and _____________ angles are always equal

A

incidence; reflection

36
Q

The liquid suspensions that have been developed can injected into the circulation intravenously to increase _______________

A

echogenicity

37
Q

Intensity is equal to the power of a wave divided by the _______________ over which the power is spread

A

area

38
Q

Amplitude is the maximum variation that occurs in an acoustic ________________

A

variable

39
Q

The dominant factor contributing to attenuation of ultrasound in soft tissue is

A

absorption

40
Q

Almost all ultrasound contrast agents contain

A

gas microbubbles

41
Q

Ultrasound systems use propagation speed to determine

A

echo location of the display

42
Q

_________________ determines how fast images genetated

A

Pulse repetition frequency

43
Q

Interfaces that scatter ultrasound energy are usually considered those that ate equal to smaller than the ________________

A

Wavelength

44
Q

Sound is a

A

mechanical longitudinal wave

45
Q

_______________ media have higher sound speeds

A

Stiffer

46
Q

_________________ frequencies are generated as sound travels through tissue

A

Harmonic

47
Q

When frequency increases, period

A

decreases

48
Q

A ______________ is one complete variation in pressure

A

cycle

49
Q

_______________ limits imaging depth

A

Attenuation

50
Q

The shorter the pulse, the broader the

A

bandwidth

51
Q

With doppler techniques, the operator controls the ______________________________

A

pulse repetition frequency

52
Q

____________pulses improve the quality of sonographic images

A

Shorter

53
Q

For each centimeter of distance, the pulse round trip time is equal to

A

13 ms

54
Q

From given values for propagation speed and frequency _______________ can be calculated

A

Wavelength

55
Q

Sound travels most slowly in

A

Gases

56
Q

Sound travels fastest in

A

steel

57
Q

Waves can carry ____________ from one place to another

A

information

58
Q

The time from the beginning of one pulse to the beginning of the next is

A

Pulse repetition period

59
Q

Spatial pulse length equals the number of cycle in the pulse multiplied by________________

A

wavelength

60
Q

Beam width can be reduced by focusing to improve

A

lateral resolution

Physics Vocabulary (6 decks)

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