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Physics Vocabulary > Physics Chapters 5 and 6 > Flashcards

Physics Chapters 5 and 6 Flashcards

1
Q

A doppler shift at 60 degrees is _________ what it would be at 0 degrees

A

One half

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2
Q

A change in doppler frequency caused by motion of a source or reflector defines

A

Doppler effect

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3
Q

A nonsteady flow with acceleration and deceleration over the cardiac cycle is called________

A

pulsatile flow

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4
Q

Continuous wave doppler shifts are detected within the ____________

A

Overlapped region of the transmitting and receiving beams

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5
Q

Determining the direction of the doppler shift voltages is accomplished by the ___________

A

Phase quadrateure detector

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6
Q

Doppler measurements are not reliable at doppler angles greater than

A

60

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7
Q

Doppler shift does not depend on the

A

flow direction

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8
Q

Echoes arrive from the sample volume depth at a rate equal to

A

the pulse repetition frequency

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9
Q

For a given flow, the greater the doppler angle, the_________ the doppler shift

A

less

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10
Q

Gases, nutrients and waste products are exchanged through the walls of__________

A

capillaries

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11
Q

If pressure differences in a straight vessel increase, the flow rate____

A

increases

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12
Q

Motion toward the transducer demonstrates

A

a positive doppler shift

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13
Q

Poise is a unit given for________

A

viscosity

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14
Q

Poiseuille’s equation states that, if the flow rate increases the

A

tube diameter has increased

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15
Q

Resistance to flow offered by a fluid in motion describes

A

viscosity

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16
Q

Sound reflects totally at the wall-blood boundary once the doppler angle is less than _________ degrees

A

30

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17
Q

Spectral broadening may be produced by

A

beam spreading in arrays

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18
Q

The doppler equation relates the doppler shift to the

A

flow speed and frequency

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19
Q

The amount of blood passing a point per unit of time defines

A

volumetric flow rate

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20
Q

The angle of incidence is not important with which doppler display?

A

power

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21
Q

The decreased pressure is regions of high flow speed is called

A

Bernoulli effect

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22
Q

The difference between the emitted frequency and the echo frequency returning from a moving scatter is called

A

Doppler shift

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23
Q

The fast fourier transform derives the Doppler__________

A

spectrum

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24
Q

The horizontal presentation in the spectral display represents

A

time

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25
The resistance of the__________ accounts for about one half of the total resistance in the systemic circulation
arterioles
26
The volumetric flow rate is equal to __________
average flow rate across the vessel multiplied by the cross sectional area of the vessel
27
The width of the sample volume is determined by the
beam width and sample volume depth
28
Turbulent flow is a form of ___________ flow
nonlaminar
29
Variance color maps demonstrate a change of hues from
left to right
30
Vertical thickening of spectral tracing is called
spectral broadening
31
What advantage does spectral analysis have when compared to other doppler techniques?
Spectral analysis displays peak systolic velocities
32
What is required for flow to occur
pressure difference`
33
What is the driving force behind blood flow
Pressure
34
What type of blood flow demonstrates layers of fluid sliding over each other?
Laminar
35
Which flow type demonstrates a flow velocity that is essentially constant across the vessel
plug
36
Which matter is considered fluid
gases and liquids
37
Which of the following doppler displays cannot determine flow direction?
Power
38
Which of the following doppler techniques must be time shared?
Duplex imaging
39
Which of the following is an advantage of pulsed doppler
depth of sample volume can be accurately selected
40
Which of the following pulsed doppler techniques is most likely to demonstrate slow flow velocities in deep vessels?
power doppler
41
Which system control eliminates low-frequency doppler shifts?
wall filter
42
Which type of blood flow demonstrates a chaotic flow pattern?
Turbulent
43
Which type of blood flow would demonstrate the narrowest range of doppler shift frequencies?
plug
44
With color-doppler imaging, the priority control__________
selects which gray-scale echo strength will demonstrate color
45
_________describes the volumetric flow rate as a constant
Continuity rule
46
An imaginary laser-thin transmitted ultrasound beam that can be thought of as producing excellent detail resolution throughout the image describes a ____________
virtual transmission beam
47
Improvements in doppler operation with Principle 2 include all of the following except_________
prospective sample volume
48
Principle 2 improvements in anatomic imaging include all of the following except____________
axial resolution
49
The retrospective beam forming process occurs in the
image former
50
Which of the following contributes to improved temporal resolution in Principle 2?
Fewer pulses and broad physical beams
51
What type of blood flow demonstrates layers of fluid sliding over each other
laminar
52
Resistance of the blood flow depends on the radius of the
tube to the fourth power
53
If pressure difference in a straight vessel increase, the flow rate
increases
54
Tiniest vessels in the human body
cappillaries
55
The state of the downstream arterioles is reflected in the
arterial diastolic flow
56
For a given flow, the greater the doppler angle, the less the
doppler shift
57
The maximum normal flow speed in the circulation is
100 cm/s
58
Variance color maps demonstrate a change of hues from
left to right
59
Which system control eliminates low frequency doppler shifts
Wall filter
60
The width of the sample volume is determined by the
beam width and sample volume depth
61
The horizontal presentation in the spectral display represents
time
62
Spectral broadening may be produced by
beam spreading arrays
63
Continuous wave doppler shifts are detected within the
overlapped region of the transmitting and receiving beams
64
The normal adult circulatory system contains _________ of blood
5 L
65
In a stenosis flow speed increases and pressure
decreases
66
The doppler shift is proportional to the
blood flow speed
67
Volumetric flow rate is proportional to
flow resistance
68
If the pressure difference between two points increases, the flow rate
also increases
69
Blood flows from the left and right ventricles into the ___________ and ____________ respectively
aorta pulmonary artery
70
According to Poiseuille's equation, if the radius of the tube increases, the flow rate
increases
71
If the flow speed increases, the pressure
decreases
72
Higher operating frequencies produce___________ doppler shits
larger
73
If viscosity increases, flow rate
decreases
74
Increased flow speed through a stenosis can cause
distal turbulence
75
Multiple transmission focuses are used in
Principle 1
76
What contributes to improved temporal resolution in principle 2
fewer pulses broad physical beams
77
The retrospective beam-forming process occurs in the
image former
78
Physical ultrasound beam forming is required in
both principle 1 and principle 2
79
Weakly focused or unfocused ultrasound beams are characteristic of
principle 2
80
The characteristic of fluid that offers resistance to flow is called
viscosity
81
Flow is a response to pressure_________or________________
difference gradient
82
If pressure difference is doubled, volumetric flow rate is
doubled
83
if flow rate is doubled, volumetric flow rate is
halved
84
Flow resistance in a vessel depends on
vessel length vessel radius blood viscosity
85
If operating frequency is doubled, the doppler shift is
doubled
86
If flow rated is doubled the doppler shift is
doubled
87
Color doppler instruments use an ____________technique to yield doppler information in real time
autocorrelation
88
In practice, approximately _____________ pulses are required to obtain one line of color-doppler information.
10
89
Color map baselines are always represented by
black
90
Doubling the width of a color window produces a _______________frame rate
halved
91
Color doppler frame rates are ______________ gray scale rates
less than
92
Doppler power imaging indicates(with color) the ________ of flow
presence
93
Stenosis affects
spectral broadening
94
Virtual beam forming applies to
Principle 2
95
Multiple transmission focus control applies to
Principle 1
96
Retrospective beam forming applies to
Principle 2
97
Improving detail resolution sacrifices temporal resolution is true for
principle 1
98
Simultaneous gray-scale, color-doppler, and spectral doppler applies to
Principle 2
99
Principle 1 employs mostly
focused ultrasound beams
100
Reception focus principle applies to
both principle 1 and principle 2

Physics Vocabulary (6 decks)

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